Department of Health Science, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.
Nutrients. 2020 Dec 2;12(12):3722. doi: 10.3390/nu12123722.
Obesity, particularly in childhood and adolescence, is one of the serious public health problems worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, 10% of young people aged 5-17 years are obese, which is rapidly increasing around the world. Furthermore, approximately 80% of adolescents who become obese develop bodyweight-related health problems in adulthood. Eating habits and lifestyles play important roles in forming body composition and metabolic status. Changes in body composition in adolescence, the period in which secondary sex characteristics begin to develop, can alter hormonal and metabolic status, can consequently affect health status and the risk of developing chronic diseases in adulthood, and moreover may have an impact on probable body composition and metabolic status in the next generation. Here, we reviewed cross-sectional and interventional studies to analyze the role of dietary patterns focusing on macronutrient intake in growth, body composition, and metabolic changes in adolescents. These findings provide insights into optimal dietary guidelines for healthy growth with accretion of adequate body composition in adolescence, and provide an effective strategy for preventing and managing the risk of obesity-related metabolic disease in adulthood, with the additional benefit of providing potential benefits for the next generation's health.
肥胖，尤其是在儿童和青少年时期，是全球严重的公共卫生问题之一。根据世界卫生组织的数据，全球有 10%的 5-17 岁青少年肥胖，且这一数字正在迅速增加。此外，大约 80%的肥胖青少年在成年后会出现与体重相关的健康问题。饮食习惯和生活方式在形成身体成分和代谢状态方面起着重要作用。青春期是第二性征开始发育的时期，身体成分的变化会改变激素和代谢状态，进而影响成年后的健康状况和患慢性病的风险，而且可能会对下一代的身体成分和代谢状态产生影响。在这里，我们综述了横断面和干预性研究，分析了以宏量营养素摄入为重点的饮食模式在青少年生长、身体成分和代谢变化中的作用。这些研究结果为青春期获得足够的身体成分的健康生长提供了最佳饮食指导方针，并为预防和管理与肥胖相关的成年期代谢疾病的风险提供了有效的策略，此外还可能对下一代的健康产生有益影响。
