Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
J Environ Manage. 2016 Oct 1;181:637-645. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.042. Epub 2016 Aug 19.
In the present study, the content of risk elements and content of free amino acids were studied in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.) subsequently grown on uncontaminated and contaminated soils (5 mg Cd/kg, 1000 mg Pb/kg and 400 mg Zn/kg) with the addition of activated carbon (from coconut shells) or biochar (derived from local wood residues planted for phytoextaction) in different seasons (spring, summer and autumn). The results showed that activated carbon and biochar increased biomass production on contaminated site. Application of amendments decreased Cd and Zn uptake by spinach plants. Mustard significantly increased Pb accumulation in the biomass as well in subsequently grown autumn spinach. Glutamic acid and glutamine were major free amino acids in leaves of all plants (15-34% and 3-45%) from total content. Application of activated carbon and biochar increased content of glutamic acid in all plants on uncontaminated and contaminated soils. Activated carbon and biochar treatments also induced an increase of aspartic acid in spinach plants. Biochar produced from biomass originated from phytoextraction technologies promoted higher spinach biomass yield comparing unamended control and showed a tendency to reduce accumulation of cadmium and zinc and thus it is promising soil amendment.
在本研究中，研究了随后在未污染和污染土壤（5mg Cd/kg、1000mg Pb/kg 和 400mg Zn/kg）上生长的菠菜（Spinacia oleracea L.）和芥菜（Sinapis alba L.）中的风险元素含量和游离氨基酸含量，添加了活性炭（椰子壳）或生物炭（源自用于植物提取的当地木屑）在不同季节（春季、夏季和秋季）。结果表明，活性炭和生物炭增加了受污染场地的生物量生产。施用改良剂可减少菠菜对 Cd 和 Zn 的吸收。芥菜显著增加了秋菠菜生物量中 Pb 的积累。谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺是所有植物叶片中主要的游离氨基酸（15-34%和 3-45%）。在未污染和污染土壤中，活性炭和生物炭的施用增加了所有植物中谷氨酸的含量。活性炭和生物炭处理还诱导了菠菜中天门冬氨酸的增加。源自植物提取技术的生物炭促进了更高的菠菜生物量产量，与未改良对照相比表现出降低 Cd 和 Zn 积累的趋势，因此是一种有前途的土壤改良剂。
