Mallouhi Julie, Varga Miklós, Sikora Emőke, Gráczer Kitty, Bánhidi Olivér, Gaspard Sarra, Goudou Francesca, Viskolcz Béla, Szőri-Dorogházi Emma, Fiser Béla
Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 Oct 16;16(20):2914. doi: 10.3390/polym16202914.
Activated carbon (AC) and biochar (BC) are porous materials with large surface areas and widely used in environmental and industrial applications. In this study, different types of AC and BC samples were produced from sp. by a chemical activation and pyrolysis process and compared to commercial activated carbon samples. All samples were characterized using various techniques to understand their structure and functionalities. The metal content of the samples was characterized by using an inductively coupled optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). A toxicity test was applied to investigate the effect of AC/BC on organisms, where seed and bacteria-based toxicity tests were used. The results revealed that the samples did not negatively affect these two organisms. Thus, it is safe to use them in various applications. Therefore, the samples were tested as fillers in polyurethane composites and, thus, polyurethane-AC/BC samples were prepared. The amounts of AC/BC mixed into the polyurethane formulation were 1%, 2%, and 3%. Mechanical and acoustic properties of these composites were analyzed, showing that by adding the AC/BC to the system an increase in the compression strength for all the samples was achieved. A similar effect of the AC/BC was noticed in the acoustic measurements, where adding AC/BC enhanced the sound adsorption coefficient (α) for all composite materials.
活性炭（AC）和生物炭（BC）是具有大表面积的多孔材料，广泛应用于环境和工业领域。在本研究中，通过化学活化和热解工艺从特定物种制备了不同类型的AC和BC样品，并与商业活性炭样品进行比较。使用各种技术对所有样品进行表征，以了解其结构和功能。通过电感耦合光发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）对样品的金属含量进行表征。应用毒性试验来研究AC/BC对生物体的影响，采用了种子和基于细菌的毒性试验。结果表明，这些样品对这两种生物体没有负面影响。因此，在各种应用中使用它们是安全的。因此，将这些样品作为聚氨酯复合材料的填料进行测试，从而制备了聚氨酯-AC/BC样品。混入聚氨酯配方中的AC/BC量分别为1%、2%和3%。对这些复合材料的力学和声学性能进行了分析，结果表明，通过向体系中添加AC/BC，所有样品的抗压强度均有所提高。在声学测量中也发现了AC/BC的类似效果，添加AC/BC提高了所有复合材料的吸声系数（α）。
