Rosin Zuzanna M, Skórka Piotr, Szymański Paweł, Tobolka Marcin, Luczak Andrzej, Tryjanowski Piotr
Department of Cell Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań , Poznań , Poland.
Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków , Poland.
PeerJ. 2016 Jul 19;4:e2105. doi: 10.7717/peerj.2105. eCollection 2016.
Background. One of the most difficult challenges for conservation biology is to reconcile growing human demands for resources with the rising need for protecting nature. Wind farms producing renewable energy have been recognised to be a threat for birds, but clear directives for environmental planning are still missing. Methods. Point counts were performed to study the relationship between eight environmental variables and bird populations in different parts of a year on the largest Polish wind farm between March 2011 and February 2013. Variables potentially related to species richness (Chao 1 estimator) and the abundance of the entire bird community as well as five selected farmland species were analysed with the use of generalized linear mixed models. Results. Some associations between the studied variables and bird populations were season/year specific, while others had a constant direction (positive or negative) across seasons and/or years. The latter were distance to the nearest turbine, field size, number of wind turbines, proximity of settlements and water bodies. Spatial autocorrelation and counting time were significantly correlated with bird population estimates but the directions of these relationships varied among seasons and years. Associations between abundance of individual species and environmental variables were species-specific. Conclusions. The results demonstrated a constant negative relationship between wind turbine proximity and bird numbers. Other environmental variables, such as field size, proximity of settlements and water bodies that also had constant associations with bird populations across seasons may be taken into account when minimizing adverse effects of wind farm development on birds or choosing optimal locations of new turbines.
背景。保护生物学面临的最艰巨挑战之一，是如何在人类对资源需求不断增长的同时，满足日益增长的自然保护需求。生产可再生能源的风力发电场已被认定对鸟类构成威胁，但仍缺乏明确的环境规划指令。方法。2011年3月至2013年2月期间，在波兰最大的风力发电场，通过定点计数研究了八个环境变量与不同季节鸟类种群之间的关系。使用广义线性混合模型分析了可能与物种丰富度（Chao 1估计器）、整个鸟类群落的丰度以及五种选定农田物种相关的变量。结果。所研究变量与鸟类种群之间的一些关联具有季节/年份特异性，而其他关联在不同季节和/或年份具有恒定的方向（正或负）。后者包括到最近涡轮机的距离、田地大小、风力涡轮机数量、定居点和水体的距离。空间自相关和计数时间与鸟类种群估计值显著相关，但这些关系的方向在不同季节和年份有所不同。单个物种的丰度与环境变量之间的关联具有物种特异性。结论。结果表明，风力涡轮机附近与鸟类数量之间存在持续的负相关关系。在尽量减少风力发电场开发对鸟类的不利影响或选择新涡轮机的最佳位置时，可考虑其他环境变量，如田地大小、定居点和水体的距离，这些变量在不同季节也与鸟类种群保持恒定关联。
