Aranda R, Graciolli G
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - Cidade Universitária s/n - CEP: 79070900, Caixa Postal 549, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil (
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - Cidade Universitária s/n - CEP: 79070900, Caixa Postal 549, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil (
Environ Entomol. 2016 Oct;45(5):1146-1153. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvw098. Epub 2016 Aug 23.
Environmental heterogeneity is a major factor influencing the spatial distribution of organisms. Due to intimate relationships with their hosts, parasitic insects are inclined to be even more sensitive to variations. This study aimed to verify the relationship between spatial distribution of Mutillidae, potential hosts, and the effect of heterogeneity in the distribution of both, testing the hypotheses: i) the spatial distribution of mutillids depends on the distribution of hosts and ii) variation in environmental heterogeneity affects the distribution of both. Sampling was conducted in four fragments of the Cerrado. We collected Hymenopteran specimens from 25 plots of one hectare using 18 Malaise traps throughout one year, totalizing 32,400 trap-hours. Female Mutillidae were hand collected at all sampling points, for a total of 450 man-hours. At each hectare plot, we obtained the environmental variables from nine plots of 25 m A total of 1,089 individuals were collected (Apidae: 311; Crabronidae: 165; Shpecidae: 84; Vespidae: 229) belonging to 127 species of potential hosts (bees and wasps) and 300 individuals (42 species) of Mutillidae. Leaf-litter depths showed significant relation in host-parasitoid distribution. The spatiotemporal distribution followed the predator-prey model for Mutillidae, and environmental heterogeneity was a factor that determined the structure of the host-parasitoid community. The results suggest an intense relationship between the Mutillidae and Crabronidae, as well as Sphecidae and two Apidae subfamilies (Halictinae and Colletinae). These families and subfamilies present behavior in which they build nests in aggregations even each female being solitary. Crabronidae is considered the best potential host for Mutillidae.
环境异质性是影响生物空间分布的主要因素。由于与宿主有着密切关系，寄生性昆虫往往对变化更为敏感。本研究旨在验证蚁蜂科的空间分布、潜在宿主以及两者分布中异质性影响之间的关系，检验以下假设：i）蚁蜂科的空间分布取决于宿主的分布；ii）环境异质性的变化影响两者的分布。在塞拉多的四个片段进行了采样。我们使用18个马氏网在一整年的时间里从25个一公顷的样地收集膜翅目标本，总计32400个网捕小时。在所有采样点手工收集雌性蚁蜂科昆虫，总计450人时。在每个公顷样地，我们从9个25米的样地获取环境变量。总共收集了1089个个体（蜜蜂科：311个；蛛蜂科：165个；方头泥蜂科：84个；胡蜂科：229个），属于127种潜在宿主（蜜蜂和黄蜂），以及300个个体（42种）的蚁蜂科。落叶层深度在宿主 - 寄生蜂分布中显示出显著关系。蚁蜂科的时空分布遵循捕食者 - 猎物模型，环境异质性是决定宿主 - 寄生蜂群落结构的一个因素。结果表明蚁蜂科与蛛蜂科以及方头泥蜂科和两个蜜蜂亚科（隧蜂亚科和集蜂亚科）之间存在密切关系。这些科和亚科呈现出即使每个雌性单独活动但仍聚集筑巢的行为。蛛蜂科被认为是蚁蜂科的最佳潜在宿主。
