Porcel-Rodríguez Francisco, Valenzuela-Valdés Juan, Padilla Pablo, Luna-Valero Francisco, Luque-Baena Rafael, López-Gordo Miguel Ángel
Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications-CITIC, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Department of Computer Science and Programming Languages, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2016 Aug 20;16(8):1334. doi: 10.3390/s16081334.
Energy efficiency is a critical issue for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) as sensor nodes have limited power availability. In order to address this issue, this paper tries to maximize the power efficiency in WSNs by means of the evaluation of WSN node networks and their performance when both clustering and antenna beamforming techniques are applied. In this work, four different scenarios are defined, each one considering different numbers of sensors: 50, 20, 10, five, and two nodes per scenario, and each scenario is randomly generated thirty times in order to statistically validate the results. For each experiment, two different target directions for transmission are taken into consideration in the optimization process (φ = 0° and θ = 45°; φ = 45°, and θ = 45°). Each scenario is evaluated for two different types of antennas, an ideal isotropic antenna and a conventional dipole one. In this set of experiments two types of WSN are evaluated: in the first one, all of the sensors have the same amount of power for communications purposes; in the second one, each sensor has a different amount of power for its communications purposes. The analyzed cases in this document are focused on 2D surface and 3D space for the node location. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that beamforming and clustering are simultaneously applied to increase the network lifetime in WSNs.
由于传感器节点的可用功率有限，能量效率是无线传感器网络（WSN）的一个关键问题。为了解决这个问题，本文试图通过评估WSN节点网络及其在应用聚类和天线波束成形技术时的性能，来最大化WSN中的功率效率。在这项工作中，定义了四种不同的场景，每个场景考虑不同数量的传感器：每个场景分别有50、20、10、5和2个节点，并且每个场景随机生成30次，以便对结果进行统计验证。对于每个实验，在优化过程中考虑两个不同的传输目标方向（φ = 0°且θ = 45°；φ = 45°且θ = 45°）。针对两种不同类型的天线对每个场景进行评估，一种是理想的各向同性天线，另一种是传统的偶极天线。在这组实验中，评估了两种类型的WSN：在第一种中，所有传感器用于通信目的的功率量相同；在第二种中，每个传感器用于通信目的的功率量不同。本文分析的案例集中在节点位置的二维表面和三维空间。据作者所知，这是首次将波束成形和聚类同时应用于延长WSN的网络寿命。
