Calcus Axelle, Lorenzi Christian, Collet Gregory, Colin Cécile, Kolinsky Régine
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2016 Aug 1;59(4):835-52. doi: 10.1044/2016_JSLHR-H-15-0076.
Children with dyslexia have been suggested to experience deficits in both categorical perception (CP) and speech identification in noise (SIN) perception. However, results regarding both abilities are inconsistent, and the relationship between them is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between CP and the psychometric function of SIN perception.
Sixteen children with dyslexia, 16 chronological-age controls, and 16 reading-level controls were evaluated in CP of a voicing continuum and in consonant identification in both stationary and fluctuating noises.
There was a small but significant impairment in speech identification performance of children with dyslexia in stationary noise compared with chronological age-matched controls (but not reading level-matched controls). However, their performance increased in a fluctuating background, hence suggesting normal masking and unmasking effects and preserved sensory processing of speech information. Regarding CP, location of the phoneme boundary differed in the children with dyslexia compared with both control groups. However, scrutinizing individual profiles failed to reveal consistently poor performance in SIN and CP tasks. In addition, there was no significant correlation between CP, SIN perception, and reading scores in the group with dyslexia.
The relationship between the SIN deficit and CP, and how they potentially affect reading in children with dyslexia, remains unclear. However, these results are inconsistent with the notion that children with dyslexia suffer from a low-level temporal processing deficit and rather suggest a role of nonsensory (e.g., attentional) factors in their speech perception difficulties.
有研究表明，阅读障碍儿童在范畴知觉（CP）和噪声中的语音识别（SIN）方面均存在缺陷。然而，关于这两种能力的研究结果并不一致，它们之间的关系仍不明确。因此，本研究旨在探讨CP与SIN知觉心理测量功能之间的关系。
对16名阅读障碍儿童、16名年龄匹配的对照组儿童和16名阅读水平匹配的对照组儿童进行了浊音连续体的CP以及在固定噪声和波动噪声中的辅音识别评估。
与年龄匹配的对照组（而非阅读水平匹配的对照组）相比，阅读障碍儿童在固定噪声中的语音识别表现存在轻微但显著的损伤。然而，他们在波动背景下的表现有所提高，这表明正常的掩蔽和去掩蔽效应以及语音信息的感觉处理得以保留。关于CP，与两个对照组相比，阅读障碍儿童的音素边界位置有所不同。然而，仔细研究个体情况并未发现SIN和CP任务中始终存在较差的表现。此外，阅读障碍组中CP、SIN知觉和阅读分数之间没有显著相关性。
SIN缺陷与CP之间的关系以及它们如何潜在地影响阅读障碍儿童的阅读，仍不明确。然而，这些结果与阅读障碍儿童存在低水平时间处理缺陷的观点不一致，而是表明非感觉因素（如注意力）在他们的语音感知困难中起作用。
