Krinski D, Foerster L A
Depto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Tangará da Serra, Caixa Postal 287, Rodovia MT 358, Km 7, Jardim Aeroporto, 78300-000, Tangará da Serra, MT, Brasil.
Depto de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
Neotrop Entomol. 2017 Feb;46(1):107-114. doi: 10.1007/s13744-016-0435-5. Epub 2016 Aug 24.
In this study, we evaluated the damage caused in the field by Tibraca limbativentris Stål adults at different levels of infestation (0, 1, 2, and 4 stink bugs) per three rice plants during three growth stages (V8, V13, and R4 stages) of upland rice cultivated in southwestern of Pará State, Amazon Rainforest region, Brazil. Heading time (panicle exertion) was affected by T. limbativentris infestations mainly in the vegetative stage and the whiteheads percentage in treatments ranged from 18.2 to 38%. The dead hearts percentages varied between 0 and 21.5%, and the mean number of primary branches (ramifications) ranged from 5.9 ± 0.4 to 12.3 ± 0.2. The number of empty spikelets was only affected in infestations with four insects/three plants, while the quantity of filled grains per panicle was affected only when infestations occurred during the vegetative stage. The total number of spikelets (filled + empty) per panicle decreased significantly in all phenological stages, and the percentage of damage ranged from 17 to 44% among treatments. Based on the proportion of damage observed, we suggest doubling the number of insects presently used as action threshold to 2 and 4 stink bugs per 15 stalks sampled for the vegetative stage, and of 1 or 2 stink bugs per 15 stalks sampled at the beginning of reproductive stage (R3/R4). Also, the field should be monitored during the entire vegetative stage, since most damage was observed in this phenological stage.
在本研究中，我们评估了在巴西亚马逊雨林地区帕拉州西南部种植的旱稻的三个生长阶段（V8、V13和R4阶段），每三株水稻上不同侵染水平（0、1、2和4只椿象）的胫宽胫长蝽成虫在田间造成的损害。抽穗期（穗抽出）主要在营养生长阶段受到胫宽胫长蝽侵染的影响，各处理中的白穗率在18.2%至38%之间。死心率在0至21.5%之间变化，主枝（分枝）平均数在5.9±0.4至12.3±0.2之间。空颖花数量仅在每三株有四只昆虫的侵染中受到影响，而每穗实粒数仅在营养生长阶段发生侵染时受到影响。每穗颖花总数（实粒 + 空粒）在所有物候阶段均显著下降，各处理间的损害率在17%至44%之间。基于观察到的损害比例，我们建议将目前用作行动阈值的昆虫数量加倍，在营养生长阶段每15株采样茎秆中有2只和4只椿象，在生殖阶段开始时（R3/R4）每15株采样茎秆中有1只或2只椿象。此外，由于在这个物候阶段观察到的损害最多，因此应在整个营养生长阶段对田间进行监测。
