Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Group Immune Cell Dynamics, Freiburg, Germany.
International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany.
Immunol Rev. 2016 Sep;273(1):76-93. doi: 10.1111/imr.12458.
Neutrophil infiltration into inflamed and infected tissues is a fundamental process of the innate immune response. While neutrophil interactions with the blood vessel wall have been intensely studied over the last decades, neutrophil dynamics beyond the vasculature have for a long time remained poorly investigated. Recent intravital microscopy studies of neutrophil populations directly at the site of tissue damage or microbial invasion have changed our perspective on neutrophil responses within tissues. Swarm-like migration patterns of neutrophils, referred to as 'neutrophil swarming', have been detected in diverse tissues under conditions of sterile inflammation and infection with various pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Current work has begun to unravel the molecular pathways choreographing the sequential phases of highly coordinated chemotaxis followed by neutrophil accumulation and the formation of substantial neutrophil clusters. It is now clear that intercellular communication among neutrophils amplifies their recruitment in a feed-forward manner, which provides them with a level of self-organization during neutrophil swarming. This review will summarize recent developments and current concepts on neutrophil swarming, an important process of the neutrophil tissue response with a critical role in maintaining the balance between host protection and inflammation-driven tissue destruction.
中性粒细胞浸润到炎症和感染组织是先天免疫反应的一个基本过程。虽然过去几十年中，人们对中性粒细胞与血管壁的相互作用进行了深入研究，但血管外的中性粒细胞动力学在很长一段时间内仍未得到充分研究。最近在组织损伤或微生物入侵部位对中性粒细胞群体进行的活体显微镜研究改变了我们对组织内中性粒细胞反应的看法。在无菌炎症和各种病原体（包括细菌、真菌和寄生虫）感染的情况下，在不同的组织中已经检测到中性粒细胞的群集迁移模式，称为“中性粒细胞群集”。目前的工作已经开始揭示协调趋化性的顺序阶段以及中性粒细胞聚集和形成大量中性粒细胞簇的分子途径。现在很清楚，中性粒细胞之间的细胞间通讯以正反馈的方式放大它们的募集，这为它们在中性粒细胞群集时提供了一定程度的自我组织。这篇综述将总结中性粒细胞群集的最新进展和当前概念，这是中性粒细胞组织反应的一个重要过程，在维持宿主保护和炎症驱动的组织破坏之间的平衡中起着关键作用。
