Cortines Andréa A O, Costa Luciane R
University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil.
Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Goias, Primeira Avenida, s/n, Setor Universitario, Goiania, Goias, 74605-220, Brazil.
BMC Pediatr. 2016 Aug 24;16(1):143. doi: 10.1186/s12887-016-0671-1.
There is a lack of evidence on the relationship between prematurity and palatal abnormalities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of palatal groove, the associated factors and the persistence time in preterm infants from birth to 24 months of age.
The children's data, medical history and eating habits were collected using a questionnaire answered by the legal guardian and updated every dental visit. Natal and neonatal data were obtained from the medical records. During the orofacial examination, the presence or absence of a palatal groove was observed. In order to evaluate for associations between independent variables and the palatal groove, descriptive analyses and bivariate analyses were conducted using the Mann-Whitney, Pearson's chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests, when appropriate. The Poisson regression analysis was used to determine risk and protective factors for the occurrence of palatal groove. The significance level was 0.05. For the persistence of palatal groove, a survival analysis was used (Kaplan Meier method).
Seventy-four preterm infants were monitored. Palatal groove occurred in n = 19 (25.7 %) and persisted for an average time of 12 months. Bivariate analysis showed a significantly higher occurrence of palatal groove in girls (68.4 % vs 40 % with non-occurrence of palatal groove) as well as in infants that stayed longer in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (median 37 days vs 20 days), that did not have exclusive breastfeeding (94.7 % vs 69.1 %), were intubated (median five days vs one day) or used an orogastric tube (median 33 days vs 15 days). The quantitative data for 'NICU', 'intubation' and 'orogastric tube' were correlated and estimated as risk factors for palatal groove formation in the unadjusted Poisson regression analysis.
Palatal groove occur transiently in approximately one quarter of preterm infants, especially in infants that stay longer in the NICU, are intubated or use an orogastric tube.
关于早产与腭部异常之间的关系，目前缺乏证据。本研究的目的是评估早产婴儿从出生到24个月龄时腭沟的发生率、相关因素及持续时间。
通过法定监护人填写的问卷收集儿童的数据、病史和饮食习惯，并在每次牙科就诊时更新。出生时及新生儿期的数据从病历中获取。在口腔面部检查期间，观察是否存在腭沟。为了评估自变量与腭沟之间的关联，在适当情况下，使用曼-惠特尼检验、皮尔逊卡方检验和费舍尔精确检验进行描述性分析和双变量分析。采用泊松回归分析确定腭沟发生的风险和保护因素。显著性水平为0.05。对于腭沟的持续情况，采用生存分析（Kaplan Meier法）。
对74名早产婴儿进行了监测。19名（25.7%）出现腭沟，平均持续时间为12个月。双变量分析显示，女孩中腭沟的发生率显著更高（出现腭沟的比例为68.4%，未出现腭沟的比例为40%），以及在新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）停留时间较长的婴儿中（中位数为37天，而未出现腭沟的婴儿为20天）、未进行纯母乳喂养的婴儿中（94.7%，而未出现腭沟的婴儿为69.1%）、接受插管治疗的婴儿中（中位数为5天，而未出现腭沟的婴儿为1天）或使用鼻胃管的婴儿中（中位数为33天，而未出现腭沟的婴儿为15天）。在未调整的泊松回归分析中，“NICU”、“插管”和“鼻胃管”的定量数据被确定为腭沟形成的风险因素。
约四分之一的早产婴儿会短暂出现腭沟，尤其是在NICU停留时间较长、接受插管治疗或使用鼻胃管的婴儿中。
