Augustana College.
Psychol Bull. 2016 Nov;142(11):1165-1178. doi: 10.1037/bul0000076. Epub 2016 Aug 25.
The perception of music and speech involves a higher level, cognitive mechanism that allows listeners to form expectations for future music and speech events. This article comprehensively reviews studies on hemispheric differences in the formation of melodic and harmonic expectations in music and selectively reviews studies on hemispheric differences in the formation of syntactic and semantic expectations in speech. On the basis of this review, it is concluded that the higher level mechanism flexibly lateralizes music processing to either hemisphere depending on the expectation generated by a given musical context. When a context generates in the listener an expectation whose elements are sequentially ordered over time, higher level processing is dominant in the left hemisphere. When a context generates in the listener an expectation whose elements are not sequentially ordered over time, higher level processing is dominant in the right hemisphere. This article concludes with a spreading activation model that describes expectations for music and speech in terms of shared temporal and nontemporal representations. (PsycINFO Database Record
音乐和语音感知涉及一种更高层次的认知机制，使听众能够对未来的音乐和语音事件形成期望。本文全面回顾了关于在音乐中形成旋律和和声期望的半球差异的研究，并选择性地回顾了关于在语音中形成句法和语义期望的半球差异的研究。基于这一综述，得出的结论是，更高层次的机制根据给定音乐语境产生的期望，灵活地将音乐处理偏向任一半球。当一个语境在听众中产生一个期望，其元素随着时间的推移而有序时，左半球占主导地位的是更高层次的处理。当一个语境在听众中产生一个期望，其元素在时间上没有顺序时，右半球占主导地位的是更高层次的处理。本文最后提出了一个扩展激活模型，根据共享的时间和非时间表示来描述音乐和语音的期望。
