Lagrèze W A, Joachimsen L, Schaeffel F
Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
Forschungsinstitut für Augenheilkunde, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland.
Ophthalmologe. 2017 Jan;114(1):24-29. doi: 10.1007/s00347-016-0346-1.
Epidemiologic data demonstrate a rise in myopia prevalence. Therefore interventions to reduce the risk of myopia and its progression are needed and increasingly often asked for.
Systematic literature search via PubMed in MEDLINE.
Myopia progression can be reduced by the following means which are listed according to their efficacy: (1) Atropine eye drops low dosed to avoid clinically relevant side effects, (2) optical means aiming at the correction of peripheral hyperopic defocus, e. g., multifocal contact lenses, and (3) increased daylight exposure.
Daylight exposure reduces the risk of incident myopia. Children should be advised to spend sufficient time outdoors, especially before and in primary school. Myopia progression can be effectively attenuated by low-dose topical atropine and multifocal contact lenses.
流行病学数据表明近视患病率呈上升趋势。因此，需要采取干预措施来降低近视风险及其进展，并且这一需求日益增加。
通过MEDLINE中的PubMed进行系统文献检索。
近视进展可通过以下方法降低，这些方法按其有效性列出：（1）低剂量阿托品滴眼液以避免临床相关副作用；（2）旨在矫正周边远视性离焦的光学方法，例如多焦点隐形眼镜；（3）增加日光暴露。
日光暴露可降低新发近视的风险。应建议儿童在户外度过足够的时间，尤其是在学前和小学阶段。低剂量局部用阿托品和多焦点隐形眼镜可有效减缓近视进展。
