Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, USA; and the Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2016 Nov;14(11):707-715. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.125. Epub 2016 Aug 30.
The recent association between Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy and fetal microcephaly has led to a renewed interest in the mechanisms by which vertically transmitted microorganisms reach the fetus and cause congenital disease. In this Opinion article, we provide an overview of the structure and cellular composition of the human placenta and of the mechanisms by which traditional 'TORCH' pathogens (Toxoplasma gondii, other, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus) access the fetal compartment. Based on our current understanding of ZIKV pathogenesis and the developmental defects that are caused by fetal ZIKV infection, ZIKV should be considered a TORCH pathogen and future research and public health measures should be planned and implemented accordingly.
最近，妊娠期间感染 Zika 病毒（ZIKV）与胎儿小头畸形之间的关联，使得人们重新关注垂直传播的微生物如何到达胎儿并导致先天性疾病的机制。在这篇观点文章中，我们概述了人类胎盘的结构和细胞组成，以及传统的“TORCH”病原体（弓形虫、其他病原体、风疹病毒、巨细胞病毒和单纯疱疹病毒）进入胎儿腔室的机制。基于我们目前对 ZIKV 发病机制和胎儿 ZIKV 感染引起的发育缺陷的理解，ZIKV 应该被视为一种 TORCH 病原体，因此应该相应地规划和实施未来的研究和公共卫生措施。
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