Lake Evelyn M R, Bazzigaluppi Paolo, Stefanovic Bojana
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2016 Oct 5;371(1705). doi: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0353.
Ischaemic stroke is the leading cause of adult disability worldwide. Effective rehabilitation is hindered by uncertainty surrounding the underlying mechanisms that govern long-term ischaemic injury progression. Despite its potential as a sensitive non-invasive in vivo marker of brain function that may aid in the development of new treatments, blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has found limited application in the clinical research on chronic stage stroke progression. Stroke affects each of the physiological parameters underlying the BOLD contrast, markedly complicating the interpretation of BOLD fMRI data. This review summarizes current progress on application of BOLD fMRI in the chronic stage of ischaemic injury progression and discusses means by which more information may be gained from such BOLD fMRI measurements. Concomitant measurements of vascular reactivity, neuronal activity and metabolism in preclinical models of stroke are reviewed along with illustrative examples of post-ischaemic evolution in neuronal, glial and vascular function. The realization of the BOLD fMRI potential to propel stroke research is predicated on the carefully designed preclinical research establishing an ischaemia-specific quantitative model of BOLD signal contrast to provide the framework for interpretation of fMRI findings in clinical populations.This article is part of the themed issue 'Interpreting BOLD: a dialogue between cognitive and cellular neuroscience'.
缺血性中风是全球成人残疾的主要原因。长期缺血性损伤进展的潜在机制尚不确定，这阻碍了有效的康复治疗。尽管血氧水平依赖性功能磁共振成像（BOLD-fMRI）作为一种敏感的非侵入性脑功能活体标记物，可能有助于开发新的治疗方法，但其在慢性期中风进展的临床研究中的应用有限。中风会影响构成BOLD对比的每个生理参数，这使得BOLD-fMRI数据的解读变得极为复杂。本综述总结了BOLD-fMRI在缺血性损伤进展慢性期应用的当前进展，并讨论了从这些BOLD-fMRI测量中获取更多信息的方法。同时回顾了中风临床前模型中血管反应性、神经元活动和代谢的同步测量，以及缺血后神经元、胶质细胞和血管功能演变的示例。要实现BOLD-fMRI推动中风研究的潜力，需要精心设计临床前研究，建立缺血特异性BOLD信号对比定量模型，为解读临床人群的fMRI结果提供框架。本文是主题为“解读BOLD：认知神经科学与细胞神经科学之间的对话”的一部分。
