Sato Fusako, Odani Mamiko, Miyazaki Yusuke, Yamazaki Kunio, Östh Jonas, Svensson Mats
a Japan Automobile Research Institute , Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan.
b Chalmers University of Technology , Göteborg , Sweden.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2017 Feb 17;18(2):199-206. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2016.1227072. Epub 2016 Aug 30.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the whole spine alignment in automotive seated postures for both genders and the effects of the spinal alignment patterns on cervical vertebral motion in rear impact using a human finite element (FE) model. METHODS: Image data for 8 female and 7 male subjects in a seated posture acquired by an upright open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system were utilized. Spinal alignment was determined from the centers of the vertebrae and average spinal alignment patterns for both genders were estimated by multidimensional scaling (MDS). An occupant FE model of female average size (162 cm, 62 kg; the AF 50 size model) was developed by scaling THUMS AF 05. The average spinal alignment pattern for females was implemented in the model, and model validation was made with respect to female volunteer sled test data from rear end impacts. Thereafter, the average spinal alignment pattern for males and representative spinal alignments for all subjects were implemented in the validated female model, and additional FE simulations of the sled test were conducted to investigate effects of spinal alignment patterns on cervical vertebral motion. RESULTS: The estimated average spinal alignment pattern was slight kyphotic, or almost straight cervical and less-kyphotic thoracic spine for the females and lordotic cervical and more pronounced kyphotic thoracic spine for the males. The AF 50 size model with the female average spinal alignment exhibited spine straightening from upper thoracic vertebra level and showed larger intervertebral angular displacements in the cervical spine than the one with the male average spinal alignment. CONCLUSIONS: The cervical spine alignment is continuous with the thoracic spine, and a trend of the relationship between cervical spine and thoracic spinal alignment was shown in this study. Simulation results suggested that variations in thoracic spinal alignment had a potential impact on cervical spine motion as well as cervical spinal alignment in rear end impact condition.
目的：本研究旨在使用人体有限元（FE）模型，研究男女在汽车坐姿下的全脊柱排列情况，以及脊柱排列模式对后碰撞中颈椎运动的影响。 方法：利用直立开放式磁共振成像（MRI）系统获取的8名女性和7名男性坐姿的图像数据。通过椎体中心确定脊柱排列，并通过多维缩放（MDS）估计男女的平均脊柱排列模式。通过缩放THUMS AF 05开发了女性平均尺寸（162厘米，62千克；AF 50尺寸模型）的乘员有限元模型。在模型中实施女性的平均脊柱排列模式，并根据女性志愿者雪橇试验后端碰撞数据进行模型验证。此后，在经过验证的女性模型中实施男性的平均脊柱排列模式和所有受试者的代表性脊柱排列，并进行额外的雪橇试验有限元模拟，以研究脊柱排列模式对颈椎运动的影响。 结果：估计的女性平均脊柱排列模式为轻度驼背，或颈椎几乎笔直且胸椎驼背程度较轻；男性为前凸颈椎和更明显的驼背胸椎。具有女性平均脊柱排列的AF 50尺寸模型在上胸椎水平表现出脊柱变直，并且颈椎的椎间角位移比具有男性平均脊柱排列的模型更大。 结论：颈椎排列与胸椎连续，本研究显示了颈椎与胸椎排列之间的关系趋势。模拟结果表明，在后端碰撞条件下，胸椎排列的变化对颈椎运动以及颈椎排列有潜在影响。
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