Clowtis Licia M, Kang Duck-Hee, Padhye Nikhil S, Rozmus Cathy, Barratt Michelle S
Licia M. Clowtis, PhD, RN, was Assistant Professor (at the time this research was completed), School of Nursing; Duck-Hee Kang, PhD, RN, is Lee and Joseph D. Jamail Distinguished Professor and Director of the Biosciences Laboratory; Nikhil S. Padhye, PhD, is Research Associate Professor and Biostatistician; and Cathy Rozmus, PhD, RN, is PARTNERS Endowed Professor and Associate Dean, Academic Affairs, School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. Michelle S. Barratt, MD, MPH, is Professor and Associate Program Director, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
Nurs Res. 2016 Sep-Oct;65(5):340-51. doi: 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000172.
Exposure to high levels of maternal stress and ineffective maternal-child engagement (MC-E) may adversely affect child health-related outcomes.
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of maternal stress and MC-E on maternal and child biological responses (salivary cortisol and testosterone) and child health outcome in mother-child dyads of preschool children (3-5.9 years) in a low socioeconomic setting.
Observational and biobehavioral data were collected from 50 mother-child dyads in a preschool setting. Assessments included maternal stress with the Perceived Stress Scale, child health outcomes with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and MC-E with videotaped mother-child interactions and scored with the Keys to Interactive Parenting Scale. Morning and evening saliva samples were collected from mother and child for biological assays.
Maternal stress was negatively correlated with MC-E (r = -.32, p < .05) and child health outcome (r = -.33, p < .05). Lower levels of MC-E predicted higher morning cortisol (p = .02) and higher morning and bedtime testosterone levels in children (p = .03 and p = .04, respectively). Child biological responses did not predict child health outcome.
Maternal stress and MC-E during mother-child interactions play a significant role in the regulation of child stress physiology and child health outcome. Elevated cortisol and testosterone related to high maternal stress and low MC-E may increase the child's vulnerability to negative health outcomes-if sustained. More biobehavioral research is needed to understand how parent-child interactions affect child development and health outcomes in early childhood.
暴露于高水平的母亲压力和无效的母婴互动（MC-E）可能会对儿童与健康相关的结果产生不利影响。
本研究的目的是在社会经济地位较低的环境中，考察母亲压力和MC-E对学龄前儿童（3至5.9岁）母婴二元组中母亲和儿童的生物学反应（唾液皮质醇和睾酮）以及儿童健康结果的影响。
在一个学前教育环境中，从50对母婴二元组收集观察性和生物行为数据。评估包括使用感知压力量表测量母亲压力，使用儿童生活质量量表测量儿童健康结果，以及通过录像的母婴互动并使用互动育儿量表评分来评估MC-E。从母亲和儿童那里收集早晨和晚上的唾液样本进行生物学检测。
母亲压力与MC-E呈负相关（r = -0.32，p < 0.05）以及与儿童健康结果呈负相关（r = -0.33，p < 0.05）。较低水平的MC-E预示着儿童早晨皮质醇水平较高（p = 0.02）以及早晨和就寝时间睾酮水平较高（分别为p = 0.03和p = 0.04）。儿童的生物学反应并不能预测儿童健康结果。
母婴互动过程中的母亲压力和MC-E在调节儿童压力生理和儿童健康结果方面发挥着重要作用。与高母亲压力和低MC-E相关的皮质醇和睾酮升高可能会增加儿童出现负面健康结果的易感性——如果这种情况持续存在的话。需要更多的生物行为研究来了解亲子互动如何影响幼儿期的儿童发育和健康结果。
