Moretti E, Pascarelli N A, Belmonte G, Renieri T, Collodel G
Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
Andrologia. 2017 Sep;49(7). doi: 10.1111/and.12701. Epub 2016 Sep 5.
Spermatozoa with a rare combination of two monomorphic sperm defects, dysplasia of the fibrous sheath (DFS) and alterations in head-mid-piece junction were analysed. The main focus was to explore the status of the centriole, a key organisation during fertilisation, using the centrin 1, a calcium-binding protein linked to this structure. The sperm quality was examined by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM); immunocytochemistry was performed for tubulin, A-kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP4) and centrin 1. Spermatozoa showed DFS defect associated with anomalies in head-tail attachment detected by SEM and TEM. Immunolocalisation of tubulin, AKAP4 and centrin 1 confirmed these alterations. Centrin 1 was visible in 67% of spermatozoa (in only 13% centrin localised in a normal position); in the majority of sperm centrin 1's location was altered, sometimes bent; often four spots, indicating the presence of two implantation fossae, were detected. At the centriolar level, immunoreactive fragments, frequently invading the entire short and thick tail, were observed. Centrin 1 is an essential component of the spermatozoa connecting piece and plays a role in centrosome dynamics during sperm morphogenesis and in zygotes and early embryos during spindle assembly. It is important to shed light on these rare conditions in order to better manage the patients during assisted reproductive technology.
对具有两种单形精子缺陷罕见组合的精子进行了分析，这两种缺陷分别是纤维鞘发育异常（DFS）和头-中段连接改变。主要关注点是利用中心粒蛋白1（一种与该结构相关的钙结合蛋白）来探究中心粒的状态，中心粒是受精过程中的关键结构。通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜（SEM、TEM）检查精子质量；对微管蛋白、A激酶锚定蛋白4（AKAP4）和中心粒蛋白1进行免疫细胞化学检测。精子显示出与头-尾附着异常相关的DFS缺陷，这通过SEM和TEM检测到。微管蛋白、AKAP4和中心粒蛋白1的免疫定位证实了这些改变。在67%的精子中可见中心粒蛋白1（只有13%的中心粒蛋白定位在正常位置）；在大多数精子中，中心粒蛋白1的位置发生改变，有时弯曲；经常检测到四个斑点，表明存在两个植入窝。在中心粒水平，观察到免疫反应性片段，经常侵入整个短而粗的尾部。中心粒蛋白1是精子连接段的重要组成部分，在精子形态发生过程中的中心体动力学以及纺锤体组装过程中的受精卵和早期胚胎中发挥作用。为了在辅助生殖技术过程中更好地管理患者，阐明这些罕见情况很重要。
