Mattei Giorgio, Ahluwalia Arti
Research Centre "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
Research Centre "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
Acta Biomater. 2016 Nov;45:60-71. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.055. Epub 2016 Sep 3.
Given the critical role of liver mechanics in regulating cell response and directing the development of tissue fibrosis, accurately characterising its mechanical behaviour is of relevance for both diagnostic purposes as well as for tissue engineering and for the development of in-vitro models. Determining and quantifying the mechanical behaviour of soft biological tissues is, however, highly challenging due to their intrinsic labile nature. Indeed, a unique set of values of liver mechanical properties is still lacking to date; testing conditions can significantly affect sample status and hence the measured behaviour and reported results are strongly dependent on the adopted testing method and configuration as well as sample type and status. This review aims at summarising the bulk mechanical properties of liver described in the literature, discussing the possible sources of variation and their implications on the reported results. We distinguish between the intrinsic mechanical behaviour of hepatic tissue, which depends on sample variables, and the measured mechanical properties which also depend on the testing and analysis methods. Finally, the review provides guidelines on tissue preparation and testing conditions for generating reproducible data which can be meaningfully compared across laboratories.
Soft tissue mechanics is widely investigated, but poorly understood. This review identifies and discusses sample and testing variables which can influence the mechanical behaviour of hepatic tissue and consequently the measured mechanical properties. To encourage the biomaterial community towards more standardized testing of soft tissues and enable comparisons between data from different laboratories, we have established new testing methods and experimental recommendations for sample preparation and testing. The review could be of wide interest to scientists involved in biomaterials research because it addresses and proposes guidelines for several issues related to the mechanical testing of soft tissues whose implications have not been considered together before.
鉴于肝脏力学在调节细胞反应和指导组织纤维化发展中起着关键作用，准确表征其力学行为对于诊断目的、组织工程以及体外模型的开发都具有重要意义。然而，由于软生物组织固有的不稳定性质，确定和量化其力学行为极具挑战性。事实上，迄今为止仍缺乏一套独特的肝脏力学性能值；测试条件会显著影响样本状态，因此测量行为和报告结果在很大程度上取决于所采用的测试方法和配置以及样本类型和状态。本综述旨在总结文献中描述的肝脏整体力学性能，讨论可能的变异来源及其对报告结果的影响。我们区分了依赖于样本变量的肝组织固有力学行为和也依赖于测试与分析方法的测量力学性能。最后，本综述提供了关于组织制备和测试条件的指导方针，以生成可重复的数据，这些数据能够在不同实验室之间进行有意义的比较。
软组织力学得到了广泛研究，但人们对此了解甚少。本综述识别并讨论了可能影响肝组织力学行为以及由此影响测量力学性能的样本和测试变量。为鼓励生物材料领域对软组织进行更标准化的测试，并使不同实验室的数据能够进行比较，我们建立了新的测试方法以及样本制备和测试的实验建议。本综述可能会引起参与生物材料研究的科学家们的广泛兴趣，因为它解决了与软组织力学测试相关的几个问题并提出了指导方针，而这些问题的影响此前尚未被综合考虑。
