Tanoue Koji, Takamasu Tetsuya, Matsui Kiyoshi
Department of General Medicine, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Mutsukawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
Nutrition Support Team, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Mutsukawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
Pediatr Int. 2017 Mar;59(3):342-346. doi: 10.1111/ped.13160. Epub 2016 Dec 26.
Food selectivity is commonly reported in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this study was to investigate eating habit history in children with ASD.
We analyzed 3 day food records completed by the parents and assessed how many unique foods each child consumed. The parents were also interviewed about their child's diet of complementary (i.e. transition) foods and estimated food repertoire at the ages of 3, 6, 12 and 18 years.
A total of 28 participants were enrolled in this study. Some participants had ongoing changes in food repertoire from the age of 3 years onward. In two cases, although the number of foods consumed at age 3 years was approximately 50, this decreased markedly, becoming severely limited, by age 5 years. One of the reasons for diminished repertoire was infection, such as acute gastroenteritis and upper respiratory tract infection. In contrast, five patients had a severely limited food repertoire at age 3 years, which later increased to 15 or more. Four patients had good opportunity at school to increase their food repertoire.
Diet history varied and changed in response to new opportunities, education and/or the environment. In some cases the number of foods consumed decreased gradually due to anxiety and stress, resulting in a severely limited food repertoire. Some patients had good opportunities to increase their repertoire at school. If an effective program in the early years achieves progress, the eating habits of children with ASD might be changed.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童中普遍存在食物选择性问题。本研究旨在调查ASD儿童的饮食习惯史。
我们分析了家长填写的3天食物记录，并评估每个孩子食用的独特食物种类。我们还就孩子的辅食（即过渡食物）饮食情况以及3岁、6岁、12岁和18岁时估计的食物种类对家长进行了访谈。
本研究共纳入28名参与者。一些参与者从3岁起食物种类就不断变化。有两个案例中，尽管3岁时食用的食物种类约为50种，但到5岁时明显减少，变得严重受限。食物种类减少的一个原因是感染，如急性肠胃炎和上呼吸道感染。相比之下，有5名患者在3岁时食物种类严重受限，后来增加到15种或更多。有4名患者在学校有很好的机会增加食物种类。
饮食史因新机会、教育和/或环境而有所不同并发生变化。在某些情况下，由于焦虑和压力，食用的食物种类逐渐减少，导致食物种类严重受限。一些患者在学校有很好的机会增加食物种类。如果早期实施的有效项目取得进展，ASD儿童的饮食习惯可能会改变。
