Furukawa Emi, Alsop Brent, Sowerby Paula, Jensen Stephanie, Tripp Gail
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2017 Mar;58(3):248-257. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12635. Epub 2016 Sep 9.
The behavioral sensitivity of children with ADHD to punishment has received limited theoretical and experimental attention. This study evaluated the effects of punishment on the response allocation of children with ADHD and typically developing children.
Two hundred and ten children, 145 diagnosed with ADHD, completed an operant task in which they chose between playing two simultaneously available games. Reward was arranged symmetrically across the games under concurrent variable interval schedules. Asymmetric punishment schedules were superimposed; responses on one game were punished four times as often as responses on the other.
Both groups allocated more of their responses to the less frequently punished alternative. Response bias increased significantly in the ADHD group during later trials, resulting in missed reward trials and reduced earnings.
Punishment exerted greater control over the response allocation of children with ADHD with increased time on task. Children with ADHD appear more sensitive to the cumulative effects of punishment than typically developing children.
多动症儿童对惩罚的行为敏感性在理论和实验方面受到的关注有限。本研究评估了惩罚对多动症儿童和发育正常儿童反应分配的影响。
210名儿童，其中145名被诊断为多动症，完成了一项操作性任务，即他们要在同时提供的两个游戏中进行选择。在并发可变间隔时间表下，两个游戏的奖励安排是对称的。叠加了不对称惩罚时间表；对一个游戏的反应受到惩罚的频率是对另一个游戏反应的四倍。
两组都将更多的反应分配到受惩罚频率较低的选项上。在多动症组中，后期试验的反应偏差显著增加，导致错过奖励试验并减少收益。
随着任务时间的增加，惩罚对多动症儿童的反应分配有更大的控制作用。多动症儿童似乎比发育正常的儿童对惩罚的累积效应更敏感。
