Cochrane Thomas, Davey Rachel C, de Castella F Robert
Centre for Research and Action in Public Health, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Australia.
Centre for Research and Action in Public Health, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2017 Mar;20(3):284-289. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.08.015. Epub 2016 Aug 26.
To provide two foundation elements of a proposed new system to support children's physical and body status development throughout primary school: (a) age and gender appropriate achievement (anthropometric) standards and (b) a system of monitoring, feedback and support.
Repeated cross-sectional sampling involving 91 schools across 5 Australian States and Territories between 2000 and 2011.
Anthropometric data from 29,928 (14,643 girls, 15,285 boys) Australian children aged between 5 and 12.5 years were used to develop progression standards (norm centiles) covering the primary school years. Measures used were: height, weight, body mass index, per cent body fat, grip strength, standing long jump, cardiorespiratory fitness, sit-ups and sit-and-reach. These norms were then used to develop a Physical Activity and Lifestyle Management (PALM) system that could form the basis for progression, monitoring and reporting of anthropometric achievement standards for children.
Tables and representative centile curves (3rd, 15th, 50th, 85th and 97th) for each gender and half-year age group were produced. An illustrative example of the PALM system in operation was also provided.
Our research provides gender and half-year age specific anthropometric standards for Australian primary school children. Furthermore, we have developed a monitoring and progression system that could be embedded in school communities to help address the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity and decline in physical fitness standards. The proposed system is designed on behalf of children and families and would be administered through school settings. Change, where needed, would be delivered by the supporting school community.
为一项拟议的新系统提供两个基础要素，以支持小学阶段儿童的身体和身体状况发展：(a) 适合年龄和性别的成就（人体测量）标准，以及 (b) 一个监测、反馈和支持系统。
2000年至2011年间，对澳大利亚5个州和领地的91所学校进行重复横断面抽样。
使用来自29928名（14643名女孩，15285名男孩）年龄在5至12.5岁之间的澳大利亚儿童的人体测量数据，制定涵盖小学各年级的进步标准（标准百分位数）。所采用的测量指标包括：身高、体重、体重指数、体脂百分比、握力、立定跳远、心肺适能、仰卧起坐和坐位体前屈。然后，这些标准被用于开发一个身体活动与生活方式管理（PALM）系统，该系统可为儿童人体测量成就标准的进步、监测和报告奠定基础。
生成了每个性别和半年年龄组的表格及代表性百分位数曲线（第3、15、50、85和97百分位数）。还提供了一个运行中的PALM系统的示例。
我们的研究为澳大利亚小学生提供了按性别和半年年龄划分的人体测量标准。此外，我们还开发了一个监测和进步系统，该系统可嵌入学校社区，以帮助解决体重过轻、超重和肥胖的普遍问题以及身体素质标准的下降问题。拟议的系统是为儿童和家庭设计的，将通过学校环境进行管理。如有需要，支持性的学校社区将推动变革。
