Reeder Blaine, David Alexandria
University of Colorado | Anschutz Medical Campus, College of Nursing, Mail Stop C288-19, 13120 E 19th Ave, Ed 2 North, United States.
J Biomed Inform. 2016 Oct;63:269-276. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2016.09.001. Epub 2016 Sep 6.
Smart watches have the potential to support health in everyday living by: enabling self-monitoring of personal activity; obtaining feedback based on activity measures; allowing for in-situ surveys to identify patterns of behavior; and supporting bi-directional communication with health care providers and family members. However, smart watches are an emerging technology and research with these devices is at a nascent stage.
We conducted a systematic review of smart watch studies that engaged people in their use by searching PubMed, Embase, IEEE XPlore and ACM Digital libraries. Participant demographics, device features, watch applications and methods, and technical challenges were abstracted from included studies.
Seventy-three studies were returned in the search. Seventeen studies published were included. Included studies were published from 2014 to 2016, with the exception of one published in 2011. Most studies employed the use of consumer-grade smart watches (14/17, 82%). Patient-related studies focused on activity monitoring, heart rate monitoring, speech therapy adherence, diabetes self-management, and detection of seizures, tremors, scratching, eating, and medication-taking behaviors. Most patient-related studies enrolled participants with few exclusion criteria to validate smart watch function (10/17, 58%). Only studies that focused on Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and diabetes management enrolled persons living with targeted conditions. One study focused on nursing work in the ICU and one focused on CPR training for laypeople.
Consumer-grade smart watches have penetrated the health research space rapidly since 2014. Smart watch technical function, acceptability, and effectiveness in supporting health must be validated in larger field studies that enroll actual participants living with the conditions these devices target.
智能手表有潜力通过以下方式在日常生活中支持健康：实现个人活动的自我监测；基于活动指标获得反馈；进行现场调查以识别行为模式；以及支持与医疗保健提供者和家庭成员的双向通信。然而，智能手表是一项新兴技术，针对这些设备的研究尚处于初期阶段。
我们通过检索PubMed、Embase、IEEE XPlore和ACM数字图书馆，对让人们参与使用智能手表的研究进行了系统综述。从纳入的研究中提取了参与者的人口统计学信息、设备功能、手表应用和方法以及技术挑战。
检索返回了73项研究。纳入了17项已发表的研究。纳入的研究发表于2014年至2016年，其中一项发表于2011年。大多数研究使用了消费级智能手表（14/17，82%）。与患者相关的研究重点关注活动监测、心率监测、言语治疗依从性、糖尿病自我管理以及癫痫发作、震颤、抓挠、进食和服药行为的检测。大多数与患者相关的研究纳入的参与者排除标准较少，以验证智能手表的功能（10/17，58%）。只有专注于帕金森病、癫痫和糖尿病管理的研究纳入了患有特定疾病的人群。一项研究关注重症监护病房的护理工作，另一项研究关注外行人的心肺复苏培训。
自2014年以来，消费级智能手表已迅速进入健康研究领域。智能手表在支持健康方面的技术功能、可接受性和有效性必须在更大规模的实地研究中进行验证，这些研究应纳入实际患有这些设备所针对疾病的参与者。
