Bray Bethany C, Smith Rachel A, Piper Megan E, Roberts Linda J, Baker Timothy B
The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA;
Communication Arts and Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2016 Dec;18(12):2243-2251. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntw173. Epub 2016 Jul 13.
Smokers' social networks vary in size, composition, and amount of exposure to smoking. The extent to which smokers' social networks change after a quit attempt is unknown, as is the relation between quitting success and later network changes.
Unique types of social networks for 691 smokers enrolled in a smoking-cessation trial were identified based on network size, new network members, members' smoking habits, within network smoking, smoking buddies, and romantic partners' smoking. Latent transition analysis was used to identify the network classes and to predict transitions in class membership across 3 years from biochemically assessed smoking abstinence.
Five network classes were identified: Immersed (large network, extensive smoking exposure including smoking buddies), Low Smoking Exposure (large network, minimal smoking exposure), Smoking Partner (small network, smoking exposure primarily from partner), Isolated (small network, minimal smoking exposure), and Distant Smoking Exposure (small network, considerable nonpartner smoking exposure). Abstinence at years 1 and 2 was associated with shifts in participants' social networks to less contact with smokers and larger networks in years 2 and 3.
In the years following a smoking-cessation attempt, smokers' social networks changed, and abstinence status predicted these changes. Networks defined by high levels of exposure to smokers were especially associated with continued smoking. Abstinence, however, predicted transitions to larger social networks comprising less smoking exposure. These results support treatments that aim to reduce exposure to smoking cues and smokers, including partners who smoke.
Prior research has shown that social network features predict the likelihood of subsequent smoking cessation. The current research illustrates how successful quitting predicts social network change over 3 years following a quit attempt. Specifically, abstinence predicts transitions to networks that are larger and afford less exposure to smokers. This suggests that quitting smoking may expand a person's social milieu rather than narrow it. This effect, plus reduced exposure to smokers, may help sustain abstinence.
吸烟者的社交网络在规模、构成以及吸烟暴露量方面存在差异。戒烟尝试后吸烟者社交网络的变化程度尚不清楚，戒烟成功与随后社交网络变化之间的关系也不明确。
根据社交网络规模、新加入的网络成员、成员的吸烟习惯、网络内吸烟情况、吸烟伙伴以及恋爱伴侣的吸烟情况，确定了参与戒烟试验的691名吸烟者独特的社交网络类型。采用潜在转变分析来识别网络类别，并根据生化评估的戒烟情况预测3年内类别成员的转变。
识别出了五种网络类别：沉浸型（社交网络大，吸烟暴露广泛，包括吸烟伙伴）、低吸烟暴露型（社交网络大，吸烟暴露极少）、吸烟伴侣型（社交网络小，吸烟暴露主要来自伴侣）、孤立型（社交网络小，吸烟暴露极少）和远距离吸烟暴露型（社交网络小，有相当多来自非伴侣的吸烟暴露）。第1年和第2年的戒烟与参与者社交网络在第2年和第3年向与吸烟者接触减少和社交网络扩大的转变有关。
在戒烟尝试后的几年里，吸烟者的社交网络发生了变化，戒烟状态可预测这些变化。由高吸烟暴露水平定义的社交网络尤其与持续吸烟有关。然而，戒烟预测了向包含较少吸烟暴露的更大社交网络的转变。这些结果支持旨在减少吸烟线索和吸烟者接触的治疗方法，包括吸烟的伴侣。
先前的研究表明，社交网络特征可预测随后戒烟的可能性。当前的研究说明了成功戒烟如何预测戒烟尝试后3年内社交网络的变化。具体而言，戒烟预测了向更大且吸烟者接触较少的社交网络的转变。这表明戒烟可能会扩大一个人的社交环境而非使其变窄。这种效应，加上减少与吸烟者的接触，可能有助于维持戒烟状态。
