Cranston Peter S, Martin Jon, Mulder Monica, Spies Martin
Evolution, Ecology & Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia.; Email:
Genetics, Genomics & Development, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia 3010.; Email:
Zootaxa. 2016 Aug 31;4158(4):491-506. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4158.4.3.
The immature stages are described for the first time for Chironomus (Xenochironomus) australiensis Freeman (Diptera: Chironomidae) and the adult male is redescribed including from type specimens. The species does not belong to Chironomus Meigen or Xenochironomus Kieffer, but is best placed in a modestly expanded Einfeldia Kieffer. Application of this genus name is clarified, including by a lectotype fixation for its type species, E. pectoralis Kieffer, 1924. Einfeldia australiensis (Freeman) comb. n. provides the first record of the genus from Australia; otherwise the genus is reported confidently only from North America, Central America and western Europe to Japan. The immature stages of E. australiensis occur in relatively shallow mesotrophic to eutrophic dune lakes and maars with circum-neutral pH and high conductivity, from southeastern Queensland to southern Australia. The cytology is described briefly from larval salivary glands. Alternative genus placements for the species are discussed, and problems with Einfeldia and connected systematics in the tribe Chironomini are addressed.
首次描述了澳大利亚摇蚊（异摇蚊属）（双翅目：摇蚊科）的未成熟阶段，并重新描述了成年雄性，包括模式标本。该物种不属于摇蚊属或异摇蚊属，最好归入适度扩展的艾氏摇蚊属。明确了该属名的应用，包括为其模式种艾氏胸摇蚊（1924年）选定了选模式。澳大利亚艾氏摇蚊（Freeman）新组合提供了该属在澳大利亚的首次记录；否则，该属仅可靠地分布于从北美、中美洲、西欧到日本。澳大利亚艾氏摇蚊的未成熟阶段出现在相对较浅的中营养到富营养沙丘湖泊和火山口中，pH值接近中性，电导率高，分布于昆士兰州东南部到澳大利亚南部。简要描述了幼虫唾液腺的细胞学特征。讨论了该物种的其他属归属，并探讨了艾氏摇蚊属以及摇蚊族相关系统学中的问题。
