Pollastri Simone, Gualtieri Alessandro F, Vigliaturo Ruggero, Ignatyev Konstantin, Strafella Elisabetta, Pugnaloni Armanda, Croce Alessandro
Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125, Modena, Italy.
Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125, Modena, Italy.
Chemosphere. 2016 Dec;164:547-557. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.139. Epub 2016 Sep 10.
Relevant mineral fibres of social and economic importance (chrysotile UICC, crocidolite UICC and a fibrous erionite from Jersey, Nevada, USA) were put in contact with cultured diploid human non-tumorigenic bronchial epithelial (Beas2B) and pleural transformed mesothelial (MeT5A) cells to test their cytotoxicity. Slides of each sample at different contact times up to 96 h were studied in situ using synchrotron XRF, μ-XRD and μ-XAS (I18 beamline, Diamond Light Source, UK) and TEM investigations. XRF maps of samples treated for 96 h evidenced that iron is still present within the chrysotile and crocidolite fibres and retained at the surface of the erionite fibres, indicating its null to minor mobilization in contact with cell media; this picture was confirmed by the results of XANES pre-edge analyses. μ-XRD and TEM data indicate greater morphological and crystallinity modifications occurring in chrysotile, whereas crocidolite and erionite show to be resistant in the biological environment. The contact of chrysotile with the cell cultures seems to lead to earlier amorphization, interpreted as the first dissolution step of these fibres. The formation of such silica-rich fibre skeleton may prompt the production of HO in synergy with surface iron species and could indicate that chrysotile may be much more reactive and cytotoxic in vitro in the (very) short term whereas the activity of crocidolite and erionite would be much more sluggish but persistent in the long term.
将具有社会和经济重要性的相关矿物纤维（国际癌症研究机构（UICC）分类的温石棉、青石棉以及来自美国内华达州泽西市的纤维状毛沸石）与培养的二倍体人非致瘤性支气管上皮（Beas2B）细胞和胸膜转化间皮（MeT5A）细胞接触，以测试它们的细胞毒性。使用同步加速器X射线荧光光谱法（XRF）、微X射线衍射（μ-XRD）和微X射线吸收光谱法（μ-XAS）（英国钻石光源公司的I18光束线）以及透射电子显微镜（TEM）研究，对在长达96小时的不同接触时间下的每个样品载玻片进行原位研究。对处理96小时的样品进行的XRF图谱显示，铁仍存在于温石棉和青石棉纤维中，并保留在毛沸石纤维表面，表明其在与细胞培养基接触时极少迁移；X射线吸收近边结构（XANES）预边缘分析结果证实了这一情况。μ-XRD和TEM数据表明，温石棉发生了更大的形态和结晶度变化，而青石棉和毛沸石在生物环境中表现出抗性。温石棉与细胞培养物的接触似乎导致更早的非晶化，这被解释为这些纤维的第一步溶解。这种富含二氧化硅的纤维骨架的形成可能与表面铁物种协同促使羟基自由基（HO）的产生，这可能表明温石棉在体外（非常）短期内可能更具反应性和细胞毒性，而青石棉和毛沸石的活性在长期内则更为缓慢但持久。
