Suchert Vivien, Hanewinkel Reiner, Isensee Barbara
Institute for Therapy and Health Research (IFT-Nord), Harmsstrasse 2, 24114 Kiel, Germany.
J Sch Health. 2016 Oct;86(10):734-41. doi: 10.1111/josh.12424.
To examine associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity (PA) and weight status with academic achievement 1 year later. In addition, the mediating role of psychological variables was tested.
Longitudinal analyses included 1011 German students (M = 14.1 years, SD = 0.6 years). Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined with the 20 m shuttle run test. Compliance with PA guidelines was assessed through questionnaire. Weight status was based on body mass index percentiles. As proxy of academic achievement students' self-reported grades in Mathematics and German in their midterm report were averaged. Mediation analyses were conducted at follow-up testing general self-efficacy, depressed affect, and attention/hyperactivity problems.
High levels of cardiorespiratory fitness predicted higher educational attainment (p = .007), while we found no longitudinal association for PA and weight status (p > .253). However, students being insufficiently physically active at baseline but meet PA guidelines at follow-up showed a significant improvement in educational attainment. The cross-sectional association between PA and academic achievement was mediated by students' general self-efficacy.
High fitness in adolescence is associated with higher subsequent academic achievement. The promotion of PA might benefit school performance because of enhanced fitness levels in the long-term and positive influences of PA in the shortterm. The association between weight status and educational attainment remains controversial.
研究心肺适能、身体活动（PA）和体重状况与1年后学业成绩之间的关联。此外，还测试了心理变量的中介作用。
纵向分析纳入了1011名德国学生（平均年龄M = 14.1岁，标准差SD = 0.6岁）。通过20米折返跑测试来测定心肺适能。通过问卷评估PA指南的依从性。体重状况基于体重指数百分位数。以学生在中期报告中自我报告的数学和德语成绩的平均值作为学业成绩的代理指标。在随访时进行中介分析，测试一般自我效能感、抑郁情绪和注意力/多动问题。
高水平的心肺适能预示着更高的学业成就（p = 0.007），而我们未发现PA和体重状况存在纵向关联（p > 0.253）。然而，在基线时身体活动不足但在随访时达到PA指南要求的学生，其学业成就有显著改善。PA与学业成就之间的横断面关联由学生的一般自我效能感介导。
青少年时期的高适能与随后更高的学业成就相关。推广PA可能有益于学业表现，因为从长期来看能提高适能水平，且短期内PA也有积极影响。体重状况与学业成就之间的关联仍存在争议。
