García-Hermoso Antonio, Esteban-Cornejo Irene, Olloquequi Jordi, Ramírez-Vélez Robinson
Physical Activity, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile.
Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
J Pediatr. 2017 Aug;187:127-133.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.037. Epub 2017 May 16.
To examine the combined association of fatness and physical fitness components (cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF] and muscular strength) with academic achievement, and to determine whether CRF and muscular strength are mediators of the association between fatness and academic achievement in a nationally representative sample of adolescents from Chile.
Data were obtained for a sample of 36 870 adolescents (mean age, 13.8 years; 55.2% boys) from the Chilean System for the Assessment of Educational Quality test for eighth grade in 2011, 2013, and 2014. Physical fitness tests included CRF (20-m shuttle run) and muscular strength (standing long jump). Weight, height, and waist circumference were assessed, and body mass index and waist circumference-to-height ratio were calculated. Academic achievement in language and mathematics was assessed using standardized tests. The PROCESS script developed by Hayes was used for mediation analysis.
Compared with unfit and high-fatness adolescents, fit and low-fatness adolescents had significantly higher odds for attaining high academic achievement in language and mathematics. However, in language, unfit and low-fatness adolescents did not have significantly higher odds for obtaining high academic achievement. Those with high fatness had higher academic achievement (both language and mathematics) if they were fit. Linear regression models suggest a partial or full mediation of physical fitness in the association of fatness variables with academic achievement.
CRF and muscular strength may attenuate or even counteract the adverse influence of fatness on academic achievement in adolescents.
研究肥胖与身体素质成分（心肺适能[CRF]和肌肉力量）与学业成绩的联合关联，并确定在智利具有全国代表性的青少年样本中，CRF和肌肉力量是否为肥胖与学业成绩之间关联的中介因素。
数据来自2011年、2013年和2014年智利八年级教育质量评估系统测试的36870名青少年样本（平均年龄13.8岁；55.2%为男孩）。体能测试包括CRF（20米往返跑）和肌肉力量（立定跳远）。评估体重、身高和腰围，并计算体重指数和腰围身高比。使用标准化测试评估语言和数学方面的学业成绩。采用Hayes开发的PROCESS脚本进行中介分析。
与不健康且肥胖的青少年相比，健康且低脂肪的青少年在语言和数学方面取得高学业成绩的几率显著更高。然而，在语言方面，不健康且低脂肪的青少年获得高学业成绩的几率并没有显著更高。肥胖但健康的青少年在学业成绩（语言和数学）方面更高。线性回归模型表明，体能在肥胖变量与学业成绩的关联中起到部分或完全中介作用。
CRF和肌肉力量可能会减弱甚至抵消肥胖对青少年学业成绩的不利影响。
