School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2016 Oct;40:97-103. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.08.007. Epub 2016 Sep 14.
Glycosylation is a common post-translational protein modification, in which glycans are built onto proteins through the sequential addition of monosaccharide units, in reactions catalysed by glycosyltransferases. Glycosylation influences the physicochemical and biological properties of proteins, with subsequent effects on subcellular and extracellular protein trafficking, cell-cell recognition, and ligand-receptor interactions. Glycan structures can be complex, as is the regulation of their biosynthesis, and it is only recently that the systems biology of metabolic flux control and glycosyltransferase networks has become a study in its own right. We review various models of glycosylation that have been proposed to date, based on current knowledge of Golgi structure and function, and consider how metabolic flux through glycosyltransferase networks regulates glycosylation events in the cell.
糖基化是一种常见的蛋白质翻译后修饰，通过糖基转移酶的顺序添加单糖单元，在蛋白质上构建聚糖。糖基化影响蛋白质的物理化学和生物学特性，随后影响亚细胞和细胞外蛋白质的运输、细胞-细胞识别和配体-受体相互作用。糖链结构复杂，其生物合成的调控也是如此，直到最近，代谢通量控制和糖基转移酶网络的系统生物学才成为一个独立的研究领域。我们根据目前对高尔基体结构和功能的了解，回顾了迄今为止提出的各种糖基化模型，并考虑了糖基转移酶网络通过代谢通量调节细胞内糖基化事件的方式。
