Moding Kameron J, Stifter Cynthia A
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, 119 Health and Human Development Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, 119 Health and Human Development Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
Appetite. 2016 Dec 1;107:654-662. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.09.013. Epub 2016 Sep 10.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether temperamental approach/withdrawal processes were concurrently and longitudinally associated with parent ratings and behavioral observations of food neophobia at 4.5 years of age. Additionally, maternal feeding practices were examined as potential moderators of the association between toddler temperament and food neophobia. Data were drawn from a longitudinal study following individuals (n = 82) from infancy through early childhood. At 18 months of age, toddlers were observed in an unfamiliar laboratory setting with an experimenter and their reactions were coded. At 4.5 years of age, the children were again observed in an unfamiliar setting and were also offered three novel foods (lychee, nori, and haw jelly). The number of foods they refused to taste was used as a measure of behavioral neophobia. Finally, mothers reported on their child's food neophobia and temperament, as well as their own feeding practices. As expected, temperament was associated with concurrent measures of food neophobia at 4.5 years of age. Also, low approach children who exhibited high negative affect and low positive affect in response to novelty at 18 months of age had higher levels of food neophobia at 4.5 years of age compared to their peers. Furthermore, evidence emerged to show that these neophobic tendencies in low approach children were strengthened by a maternal pressuring feeding style. Collectively, the results of this study emphasize that children who have low levels of temperamental approach are at a heightened risk for developing food neophobia during childhood.
本研究的目的是调查气质性趋近/退缩过程是否与4.5岁时父母对食物新恐惧症的评分及行为观察结果同时存在关联，并进行纵向研究。此外，还考察了母亲的喂养方式作为幼儿气质与食物新恐惧症之间关联的潜在调节因素。数据来自一项对82名个体从婴儿期到幼儿期的纵向研究。在18个月大时，在一个陌生的实验室环境中观察幼儿与一名实验者的互动，并对他们的反应进行编码。在4.5岁时，再次在一个陌生环境中观察这些孩子，并给他们提供三种新食物（荔枝、海苔和山楂糕）。他们拒绝品尝的食物数量被用作行为新恐惧症的衡量指标。最后，母亲们报告了孩子的食物新恐惧症、气质以及她们自己的喂养方式。正如预期的那样，气质与4.5岁时食物新恐惧症的同时测量结果相关。此外，18个月大时对新事物表现出高消极情绪和低积极情绪的低趋近型儿童，在4.5岁时比同龄人有更高水平的食物新恐惧症。此外，有证据表明，母亲的强迫喂养方式会强化低趋近型儿童的这些新恐惧倾向。总体而言，这项研究的结果强调，气质性趋近水平低的儿童在童年时期患食物新恐惧症的风险更高。
