Cooper D M L, Kawalilak C E, Harrison K, Johnston B D, Johnston J D
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2016 Oct;14(5):187-98. doi: 10.1007/s11914-016-0319-y.
There is growing recognition of the role of micro-architecture in osteoporotic bone loss and fragility. This trend has been driven by advances in imaging technology, which have enabled a transition from measures of mass to micro-architecture. Imaging trabecular bone has been a key research focus, but advances in resolution have also enabled the detection of cortical bone micro-architecture, particularly the network of vascular canals, commonly referred to as 'cortical porosity.' This review aims to provide an overview of what this level of porosity is, why it is important, and how it can be characterized by imaging. Moving beyond a 'trabeculocentric' view of bone loss holds the potential to improve diagnosis and monitoring of interventions. Furthermore, cortical porosity is intimately linked to the remodeling process, which underpins bone loss, and thus a larger potential exists to improve our fundamental understanding of bone health through imaging of both humans and animal models.
人们越来越认识到微观结构在骨质疏松性骨质流失和脆性中的作用。这一趋势是由成像技术的进步推动的，成像技术已使从骨量测量向微观结构测量的转变成为可能。对小梁骨成像一直是关键的研究重点，但分辨率的提高也使得能够检测皮质骨微观结构，特别是血管通道网络，通常称为“皮质孔隙率”。本综述旨在概述这种孔隙率水平是什么、为何重要以及如何通过成像进行表征。超越对骨质流失的“以小梁为中心”观点，有可能改善干预措施的诊断和监测。此外，皮质孔隙率与重塑过程密切相关，而重塑过程是骨质流失的基础，因此通过对人类和动物模型进行成像，在改善我们对骨骼健康的基本理解方面存在更大的潜力。
