An integrative model of supervisory training for medical center personnel.

The development of a comprehensive supervisory training program for V.A. Medical Center personnel is described. The program draws upon the literature of both organizational psychology and cognitive-behavior therapy and has four basic components: (a) needs assessment and evaluation, (b) awareness-building and cognitive restructuring, (c) skill training, and (d) application on the job. The training program consists of 16 modules developed on the basis of a preliminary needs assessment and literature review. An initial investigation of the model's efficacy indicated significant improvements in the supervisors' knowledge of sound supervisory practices as well as high levels of satisfaction and self-reported productivity in a sample of supervisors who underwent training. Plans for outcome research and the continuing need for an integration of subdisciplines are discussed.