Bogaev Roberta C
Department of Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, 6620 Main Street, Suite 1100, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Curr Cardiol Rep. 2016 Nov;18(11):108. doi: 10.1007/s11886-016-0783-0.
Cardiovascular disease has been responsible for more deaths in women than in men each year since 1985. This review discusses federal laws that have influenced the inclusion of women in research and reporting sex-specific differences, then addresses gender differences and gender disparities in four areas of clinical cardiovascular medicine: coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease, electrophysiology, and heart failure. The prevalence of disease in women is highlighted, the clinical characteristics of women at the time of referral for advanced therapies are reviewed, and the clinical outcomes of women are discussed. With the emergence of new technology such as smaller devices and less invasive procedures, more women are being referred for advanced therapies. However, a gap in awareness and diagnosis remains, contributing to later referrals for women. Women who do undergo advanced therapies often have more comorbidities and worse outcomes than men. A call is made to increase awareness, educate healthcare providers, and report more sex-specific data to resolve these gender disparities.
自1985年以来，心血管疾病导致女性死亡的人数每年都多于男性。本综述讨论了影响女性参与研究以及报告性别差异的联邦法律，接着阐述了临床心血管医学四个领域中的性别差异和性别不平等现象：冠心病、心脏瓣膜病、电生理学和心力衰竭。文中强调了女性疾病的患病率，回顾了转诊接受高级治疗时女性的临床特征，并讨论了女性的临床结局。随着诸如更小的设备和侵入性更小的手术等新技术的出现，越来越多的女性被转诊接受高级治疗。然而，在认识和诊断方面仍存在差距，这导致女性转诊较晚。接受高级治疗的女性往往比男性有更多的合并症且预后更差。呼吁提高认识、对医疗服务提供者进行教育，并报告更多性别特异性数据以解决这些性别不平等问题。
