Westerman Stacy, Wenger Nanette K
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Dr, WMB 308, Atlanta, GA 30322, U.S.A.
Clin Sci (Lond). 2016 Apr;130(8):551-63. doi: 10.1042/CS20150586.
For many years the significance of heart disease in women was vastly underappreciated, and women were significantly underrepresented in cardiovascular clinical research. We now know that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for women. Women and men share many similarities in the pathophysiology and manifestations of heart disease. However, as research advances with the continued inclusion of more women, knowledge about gender differences between the female and male heart, both on a physiological and pathophysiological basis, grows. These differences can be found in all domains of cardiovascular health and disease, including heart rhythm, heart failure, coronary disease and valvular disease. Further understanding of gender differences in the heart is crucial for advancing our ability to maintain a healthy population and identify and treat heart disease in both women and men. Specific examples within the spectrum of heart disease will be discussed in this review paper, and areas for further research will be proposed.
多年来，心脏病在女性中的重要性一直被严重低估，而且女性在心血管临床研究中的代表性明显不足。我们现在知道，心血管疾病是女性的首要死因。女性和男性在心脏病的病理生理学和表现方面有许多相似之处。然而，随着研究的推进，越来越多的女性被纳入研究，基于生理和病理生理基础的关于女性和男性心脏性别差异的知识也在增加。这些差异在心血管健康和疾病的各个领域都能找到，包括心律、心力衰竭、冠状动脉疾病和瓣膜疾病。进一步了解心脏的性别差异对于提高我们维持健康人群以及识别和治疗女性和男性心脏病的能力至关重要。本综述文章将讨论心脏病范围内的具体例子，并提出进一步研究的领域。
