Cox Francis E G
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,Keppel Street,London,WCIE 7HT,UK.
Parasitology. 2017 Oct;144(12):1567-1581. doi: 10.1017/S0031182016001566. Epub 2016 Sep 15.
The period 1875-1925 was remarkable in the history of parasitology partly because of the number of significant discoveries made, especially the elucidation of important life cycles, and partly because of the achievements of the clinicians and scientists who made these discoveries. What is remarkable is that so many of these individuals were Scots. Preeminent in this pantheon was Patrick Manson, who not only discovered the mosquito transmission of filarial worms but was instrumental in directly encouraging others to make significant discoveries in the fields of malaria, Guinea worm disease (dracunculiasis), onchocerciasis, loiasis and schistosomiasis and, indirectly, sleeping sickness and leishmaniasis. This chapter describes and discusses the contributions made by Douglas Argyll-Robertson, Donald Blacklock, David Bruce, David Cunningham, Robert Leiper, William Leishman, George Low, Patrick Manson, Muriel Robertson and Ronald Ross together with short biographical notes.
1875年至1925年这段时期在寄生虫学史上意义非凡，部分原因在于取得了众多重大发现，尤其是对重要生命周期的阐明，另一部分原因则是做出这些发现的临床医生和科学家所取得的成就。值得注意的是，这些人中很多都是苏格兰人。在这一杰出群体中最为卓越的是帕特里克·曼森，他不仅发现了丝虫通过蚊子传播，还直接鼓励其他人在疟疾、几内亚蠕虫病（麦地那龙线虫病）、盘尾丝虫病、罗阿丝虫病和血吸虫病领域取得重大发现，并且间接推动了昏睡病和利什曼病方面的研究。本章描述并讨论了道格拉斯·阿盖尔 - 罗伯逊、唐纳德·布莱克洛克、大卫·布鲁斯、大卫·坎宁安、罗伯特·莱珀、威廉·利什曼、乔治·洛、帕特里克·曼森、缪丽尔·罗伯逊和罗纳德·罗斯所做的贡献，并附有简短的生平介绍。
