Zhang Qi, Hua Gang, Adang Michael J
College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Insect Sci. 2017 Oct;24(5):714-729. doi: 10.1111/1744-7917.12401. Epub 2016 Nov 24.
Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive aerobic bacterium that produces insecticidal crystalline inclusions during sporulation phases of the mother cell. The virulence factor, known as parasporal crystals, is composed of Cry and Cyt toxins. Most Cry toxins display a common 3-domain topology. Cry toxins exert intoxication through toxin activation, receptor binding and pore formation in a suitable larval gut environment. The mosquitocidal toxins of Bt subsp. israelensis (Bti) were found to be highly active against mosquito larvae and are widely used for vector control. Bt subsp. jegathesan is another strain which possesses high potency against broad range of mosquito larvae. The present review summarizes characterized receptors for Cry toxins in mosquito larvae, and will also discuss the diversity and effects of 3-D mosquitocidal Cry toxin and the ongoing research for Cry toxin mechanisms generated from investigations of lepidopteran and dipteran larvae.
苏云金芽孢杆菌是一种革兰氏阳性需氧细菌，在母细胞的孢子形成阶段会产生杀虫晶体内含物。这种被称为伴孢晶体的毒力因子由Cry和Cyt毒素组成。大多数Cry毒素呈现出常见的三结构域拓扑结构。Cry毒素通过在合适的幼虫肠道环境中激活毒素、结合受体和形成孔道来发挥中毒作用。苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种（Bti）的杀蚊毒素对蚊幼虫具有高度活性，被广泛用于病媒控制。苏云金芽孢杆菌杰加特森亚种是另一种对多种蚊幼虫具有高效力的菌株。本综述总结了蚊幼虫中Cry毒素的已鉴定受体，还将讨论三维杀蚊Cry毒素的多样性和作用，以及从鳞翅目和双翅目幼虫研究中产生的关于Cry毒素作用机制的 ongoing research。 （注：“ongoing research”直译为“正在进行的研究”，这里结合语境意译为“相关研究进展”可能更合适，但按要求未做修改）
