Karcher Nicole R, Bartholow Bruce D, Martin Elizabeth A, Kerns John G
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017 Mar;42(4):925-932. doi: 10.1038/npp.2016.192. Epub 2016 Sep 15.
Both positive psychotic symptoms and anhedonia are associated with striatal functioning, but few studies have linked risk for psychotic disorders to a neural measure evoked during a striatal dopamine-related reward and punishment-based learning task, such as a reversal learning task (RLT; Cools et al, 2009). The feedback-related negativity (FRN) is a neural response that in part reflects striatal dopamine functioning. We recorded EEG during the RLT in three groups: (a) people with psychotic experiences (PE; n=20) at increased risk for psychotic disorders; (b) people with extremely elevated social anhedonia (SocAnh; n=22); and (c) controls (n=20). Behaviorally, consistent with increased striatal dopamine, the PE group exhibited better behavioral learning (ie, faster responses) after unexpected reward than after unexpected punishment. Moreover, although the control and SocAnh groups showed a larger FRN to punishment than reward, the PE group showed similar FRNs to punishment and reward, with a numerically larger FRN to reward than punishment (with similar results on these trials also found for a P3a component). These results are among the first to link a neural response evoked by a reward and punishment-based learning task specifically with elevated psychosis risk.
阳性精神病性症状和快感缺乏均与纹状体功能有关，但很少有研究将精神障碍风险与纹状体多巴胺相关的基于奖惩的学习任务（如反转学习任务，RLT；Cools等人，2009年）中诱发的神经测量指标联系起来。反馈相关负波（FRN）是一种神经反应，部分反映纹状体多巴胺功能。我们在RLT期间记录了三组人群的脑电图：（a）有精神病体验（PE；n = 20）且患精神障碍风险增加的人；（b）社交快感缺乏极度升高的人（SocAnh；n = 22）；以及（c）对照组（n = 20）。在行为方面，与纹状体多巴胺增加一致，PE组在意外奖励后比在意外惩罚后表现出更好的行为学习能力（即反应更快）。此外，虽然对照组和SocAnh组对惩罚的FRN比对奖励的FRN更大，但PE组对惩罚和奖励的FRN相似，对奖励的FRN在数值上比对惩罚的FRN更大（在这些试验中，P3a成分也有类似结果）。这些结果首次将基于奖惩的学习任务诱发的神经反应与精神疾病风险升高联系起来。
