Hoberg E P, Makarikov A A, Tkach V V, Meagher S, Nims T N, Eckerlin R P, Galbreath K E
Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Bldg 1180 BARC East, 10300, Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, USA.
Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze Str. 11, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia.
Parasitol Res. 2016 Dec;115(12):4627-4638. doi: 10.1007/s00436-016-5255-3. Epub 2016 Sep 14.
Synoptic data and an understanding of helminth parasite diversity among diverse rodent assemblages across temperate latitudes of North America remain remarkably incomplete. Renewed attention to comprehensive survey and inventory to establish the structure of biodiverse faunas is essential in providing indicators and proxies for identifying the outcomes of accelerating change linked to climate warming and anthropogenic forcing. Subsequent to the description of Hymenolepis folkertsi in the oldfield mouse, Peromyscus polionotus, additional specimens of hymenolepidids were collected or discovered in archived museum repositories from multiple species of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus, Peromyscus leucopus), the golden mouse (Ochrotomys nuttalli), chipmunks (Tamias striatus, Tamias amoenus), the 13-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus), and tree squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis, Sciurus niger) from disjunct localities in the USA spanning southern Georgia, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Wisconsin, and central Idaho. Specimens were largely consistent morphologically with the original description of H. folkertsi. Initial DNA sequence data, from a portion of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, demonstrated intraspecific variation among three apparently geographically isolated populations attributed to H. folkertsi (uncorrected genetic distances of 2.7 % (Idaho and Michigan), 2.4 % (Virginia + Pennsylvania and Michigan), and 1.89 % (VA + PA and ID). Geography rather than host association explains the distribution and occurrence of H. folkertsi, and host colonization among deer mice, chipmunks, and other sciurids within regional sites is indicated. Genetic divergence revealed across localities for H. folkertsi suggests historically isolated populations, consistent with extended evolutionary and biogeographic trajectories among hymenolepidids and species of Peromyscus and Tamias in North America. Field inventory, that revealed these parasite populations, substantially alters our understanding of the distribution of diversity and provides insights about the nature of the complex relationships that serve to determine cestode faunas in rodents.
在北美洲温带地区不同啮齿动物群体中，天气数据以及对蠕虫寄生虫多样性的了解仍然非常不完整。重新关注全面的调查和编目以建立生物多样动物区系的结构，对于提供指标和代理变量以识别与气候变暖和人为因素相关的加速变化的结果至关重要。在旧域鼠（白足鼠）中描述了福氏膜壳绦虫之后，从多个鹿鼠物种（北美鹿鼠、白足鼠）、金鼠、花栗鼠、十三条纹地松鼠和松鼠的存档博物馆标本库中收集或发现了更多膜壳绦虫标本，这些物种来自美国不同地点，横跨佐治亚州南部、弗吉尼亚州、宾夕法尼亚州、康涅狄格州、密歇根州上半岛、威斯康星州和爱达荷州中部。标本在形态上与福氏膜壳绦虫的原始描述基本一致。来自线粒体NADH脱氢酶亚基1一部分的初始DNA序列数据表明，在三个明显地理隔离的归因于福氏膜壳绦虫的种群中存在种内变异（爱达荷州和密歇根州的未校正遗传距离为2.7%，弗吉尼亚州+宾夕法尼亚州和密歇根州为2.4%，弗吉尼亚州+宾夕法尼亚州和爱达荷州为1.89%）。地理因素而非宿主关联解释了福氏膜壳绦虫的分布和出现情况，并且表明在区域地点内鹿鼠、花栗鼠和其他松鼠科动物之间存在宿主定殖现象。福氏膜壳绦虫在不同地点间显示出的遗传分化表明存在历史上隔离的种群，这与北美膜壳绦虫以及白足鼠和花鼠物种之间长期的进化和生物地理轨迹一致。揭示这些寄生虫种群的野外编目极大地改变了我们对多样性分布的理解，并提供了有关决定啮齿动物绦虫动物区系的复杂关系本质的见解。
