Horrey William J, Lesch Mary F, Garabet Angela, Simmons Lucinda, Maikala Rammohan
Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA, USA.
Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA, USA.
Appl Ergon. 2017 Jan;58:342-348. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.07.011. Epub 2016 Aug 3.
As more devices and services are integrated into vehicles, drivers face new opportunities to perform additional tasks while driving. While many studies have explored the detrimental effects of varying task demands on driving performance, there has been little attention devoted to tasks that vary in terms of personal interest or investment-a quality we liken to the concept of task engagement. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of task engagement on driving performance, subjective appraisals of performance and workload, and various physiological measurements. In this study, 31 participants (M = 37 yrs) completed three driving conditions in a driving simulator: listening to boring auditory material; listening to interesting material; and driving with no auditory material. Drivers were simultaneously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy, heart monitoring and eye tracking systems. Drivers exhibited less variability in lane keeping and headway maintenance for both auditory conditions; however, response times to critical braking events were longer in the interesting audio condition. Drivers also perceived the interesting material to be less demanding and less complex, although the material was objectively matched for difficulty. Drivers showed a reduced concentration of cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin when listening to interesting material, compared to baseline and boring conditions, yet they exhibited superior recognition for this material. The practical implications, from a safety standpoint, are discussed.
随着越来越多的设备和服务集成到车辆中，驾驶员在驾驶时面临着执行额外任务的新机会。虽然许多研究探讨了不同任务需求对驾驶性能的不利影响，但很少有人关注因个人兴趣或投入程度不同而有所差异的任务——我们将这种特质比作任务投入的概念。本研究的目的是探讨任务投入对驾驶性能、对性能和工作量的主观评估以及各种生理测量的影响。在本研究中，31名参与者（平均年龄M = 37岁）在驾驶模拟器中完成了三种驾驶条件：收听枯燥的听觉材料；收听有趣的材料；以及在没有听觉材料的情况下驾驶。同时使用近红外光谱、心脏监测和眼动追踪系统对驾驶员进行监测。在两种听觉条件下，驾驶员在保持车道和车距方面的变异性较小；然而，在有趣音频条件下，对关键制动事件的反应时间更长。尽管两种材料在客观难度上是匹配的，但驾驶员也认为有趣的材料要求较低且不太复杂。与基线和枯燥条件相比，驾驶员在收听有趣材料时大脑氧合血红蛋白浓度降低，但他们对这种材料的识别能力更强。从安全角度讨论了实际意义。
