Pan Dan, Zhang Yijing, Li Zhizhong, Tian Zhiqiang
Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016 Sep;87(9):772-80. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.4557.2016.
A number of space activities (e.g., extravehicular astronaut rescue, cooperation in satellite services, space station supplies, and assembly) are implemented directly or assisted by remote robotic arms. Our study aimed to reveal those individual characteristics which could positively influence or even predict teleoperation performance of such a space robotic arm.
There were 64 male volunteers without robot operation experience recruited for the study. Their individual characteristics were assessed, including spatial cognitive ability, cognitive style, and personality traits. The experimental tasks were three abstracted teleoperation tasks of a simulated space robotic arm: point aiming, line alignment, and obstacle avoidance. Teleoperation performance was measured from two aspects: task performance (completion time, extra distance moved, operation slips) and safety performance (collisions, joint limitations reached). The Pearson coefficients between individual characteristics and teleoperation performance were examined along with performance prediction models.
It was found that the subjects with relatively high mental rotation ability or low neuroticism had both better task and safety performance (|r| = 0.212 ∼ 0.381). Subjects with relatively high perspective taking ability or high agreeableness had better task performance (r = -0.253; r = -0.249). Imagery subjects performed better than verbal subjects regarding both task and safety performance (|r| = 0.236 ∼ 0.290). Compared with analytic subjects, wholist subjects had better safety performance (r = 0.300). Additionally, extraverted subjects had better task performance (r = -0.259), but worse safety performance (r = 0.230).
Those with high spatial cognitive ability, imagery and wholist cognitive style, low neuroticism, and high agreeableness were seen to have more advantages in working with the remote robotic arm. These results could be helpful to astronaut selection and training for space station missions. Pan D, Zhang Y, Li Z, Tian Z. Association of individual characteristics with teleoperation performance. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(9):772-780.
许多太空活动（如舱外宇航员救援、卫星服务合作、空间站补给及组装）直接或借助遥控机械臂辅助实施。我们的研究旨在揭示那些能对这种太空机械臂的遥操作性能产生积极影响甚至进行预测的个体特征。
招募了64名无机器人操作经验的男性志愿者参与研究。评估了他们的个体特征，包括空间认知能力、认知风格和人格特质。实验任务为模拟太空机械臂的三项抽象遥操作任务：点瞄准、线对齐和避障。从任务性能（完成时间、额外移动距离、操作失误）和安全性能（碰撞、达到关节限制）两个方面衡量遥操作性能。研究了个体特征与遥操作性能之间的皮尔逊系数以及性能预测模型。
发现心理旋转能力较高或神经质程度较低的受试者在任务和安全性能方面均表现更好（|r| = 0.212 ∼ 0.381）。观点采择能力较高或宜人性较高的受试者任务性能更好（r = -0.253；r = -0.249）。在任务和安全性能方面，形象思维受试者均比言语思维受试者表现更好（|r| = 0.236 ∼ 0.290）。与分析型受试者相比，整体型受试者安全性能更好（r = 0.300）。此外，外向型受试者任务性能更好（r = -0.259），但安全性能较差（r = 0.230）。
具有高空间认知能力、形象思维和整体认知风格、低神经质和高宜人性的人在操作遥控机械臂方面具有更多优势。这些结果可能有助于空间站任务的宇航员选拔和训练。潘D，张Y，李Z，田Z。个体特征与遥操作性能的关联。航空航天医学与人类表现。2016；87(9):772 - 780。
