McPherson Christopher
St. Louis Children's Hospital.
Neonatal Netw. 2016;35(5):314-20. doi: 10.1891/0730-0832.35.5.314.
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) from in utero opioid exposure has reached epidemic levels in the United States. Although nonpharmacologic therapies form the foundation of care, many neonates require pharmacotherapy. Morphine represents the most widely used first-line agent and effectively treats the symptoms of withdrawal. However, methadone or buprenorphine may facilitate earlier discharge. Although phenobarbital is traditionally used when opioids fail, clonidine may be a more appropriate adjunctive agent to minimize negative neurodevelopmental impact. Consideration of the available data allows hospitals to generate effective pharmacologic strategies to manage NAS while further research continues.
在美国，因子宫内接触阿片类药物导致的新生儿戒断综合征（NAS）已达到流行程度。尽管非药物疗法是护理的基础，但许多新生儿仍需要药物治疗。吗啡是使用最广泛的一线药物，能有效治疗戒断症状。然而，美沙酮或丁丙诺啡可能有助于更早出院。虽然传统上在阿片类药物治疗无效时使用苯巴比妥，但可乐定可能是一种更合适的辅助药物，可将负面神经发育影响降至最低。考虑现有数据可使医院制定有效的药物策略来管理NAS，同时进一步的研究仍在继续。
