Parker Andrew, Kember Timothy, Dagnall Neil
a Department of Psychology , Manchester Metropolitan University , Manchester , UK.
Memory. 2017 Jul;25(6):845-855. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2016.1229793. Epub 2016 Sep 16.
High levels of false recognition for non-presented items typically occur following exposure to lists of associated words. These false recognition effects can be reduced by making the studied items more distinctive by the presentation of pictures during encoding. One explanation of this is that during recognition, participants expect or attempt to retrieve distinctive pictorial information in order to evaluate the study status of the test item. If this involves the retrieval and use of visual imagery, then interfering with imagery processing should reduce the effectiveness of pictorial information in false memory reduction. In the current experiment, visual-imagery processing was disrupted at retrieval by the use of dynamic visual noise (DVN). It was found that effects of DVN dissociated true from false memory. Memory for studied words was not influenced by the presence of an interfering noise field. However, false memory was increased and the effects of picture-induced distinctiveness was eliminated. DVN also increased false recollection and remember responses to unstudied items.
在接触相关单词列表后，通常会出现对未呈现项目的高水平错误识别。通过在编码过程中呈现图片使学习项目更具独特性，可以减少这些错误识别效应。对此的一种解释是，在识别过程中，参与者期望或试图检索独特的图像信息，以便评估测试项目的学习状态。如果这涉及到视觉意象的检索和使用，那么干扰意象处理应该会降低图像信息在减少错误记忆方面的有效性。在当前实验中，通过使用动态视觉噪声（DVN）在检索时扰乱视觉意象处理。结果发现，DVN的效应使真实记忆与错误记忆分离。对学习过的单词的记忆不受干扰噪声场的影响。然而，错误记忆增加，图片诱导的独特性效应被消除。DVN还增加了对未学习项目的错误回忆和“记得”反应。
