Budson Andrew E, Dodson Chad S, Daffner Kirk R, Schacter Daniel L
Geriatric Research Education Center, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA.
Neuropsychology. 2005 Mar;19(2):253-8. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.19.2.253.
The distinctiveness heuristic is a response mode in which participants expect to remember vivid details of an experience and make recognition decisions on the basis of this metacognitive expectation. The authors examined whether the distinctiveness heuristic could be engaged to reduce false recognition in a repetition-lag paradigm in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients with AD were able to use the distinctiveness heuristic--though not selectively--and thus they showed reduction of both true and false recognition. The authors suggest that patients with AD can engage in decision strategies on the basis of the metacognitive expectation associated with use of the distinctiveness heuristic, but the patients' episodic memory impairment limits both the scope and effectiveness of such strategies.
独特性启发式是一种反应模式，在这种模式中，参与者期望记住一段经历的生动细节，并基于这种元认知期望做出识别决策。作者研究了独特性启发式是否可用于减少阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者在重复滞后范式中的错误识别。AD患者能够使用独特性启发式——尽管不是选择性地使用——因此他们的正确识别和错误识别都有所减少。作者认为，AD患者可以基于与使用独特性启发式相关的元认知期望来采用决策策略，但患者的情景记忆损伤限制了此类策略的范围和有效性。
