Salari Raziye, Filus Ania
Child Health and Parenting (CHAP), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset (Munin) CHAP, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden.
Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
Prev Sci. 2017 Jan;18(1):83-94. doi: 10.1007/s11121-016-0696-6.
Using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a theoretical framework, we studied factors related to parental intention to participate in parenting programs and examined the moderating effects of parent gender on these factors. Participants were a community sample of 290 mothers and 290 fathers of 5- to 10-year-old children. Parents completed a set of questionnaires assessing child emotional and behavioral difficulties and the HBM constructs concerning perceived program benefits and barriers, perceived child problem susceptibility and severity, and perceived self-efficacy. The hypothesized model was evaluated using structural equation modeling. The results showed that, for both mothers and fathers, perceived program benefits were associated with higher intention to participate in parenting programs. In addition, higher intention to participate was associated with lower perceived barriers only in the sample of mothers and with higher perceived self-efficacy only in the sample of fathers. No significant relations were found between intention to participate and perceived child problem susceptibility and severity. Mediation analyses indicated that, for both mothers and fathers, child emotional and behavioral problems had an indirect effect on parents' intention to participate by increasing the level of perceived benefits of the program. As a whole, the proposed model explained about 45 % of the variance in parental intention to participate. The current study suggests that mothers and fathers may be motivated by different factors when making their decision to participate in a parenting program. This finding can inform future parent engagement strategies intended to increase both mothers' and fathers' participation rates in parenting programs.
以健康信念模型（HBM）作为理论框架，我们研究了与父母参与育儿项目意愿相关的因素，并考察了父母性别对这些因素的调节作用。参与者是一个社区样本，包括290名5至10岁孩子的母亲和290名父亲。父母们完成了一系列问卷，评估孩子的情绪和行为问题，以及与感知到的项目益处和障碍、感知到的孩子问题易感性和严重性、感知到的自我效能感有关的健康信念模型构念。使用结构方程模型对假设模型进行了评估。结果表明，对于母亲和父亲来说，感知到的项目益处都与更高的参与育儿项目意愿相关。此外，更高的参与意愿仅在母亲样本中与更低的感知障碍相关，仅在父亲样本中与更高的感知自我效能感相关。未发现参与意愿与感知到的孩子问题易感性和严重性之间存在显著关系。中介分析表明，对于母亲和父亲来说，孩子的情绪和行为问题通过提高对项目益处的感知水平，对父母参与意愿产生间接影响。总体而言，所提出的模型解释了父母参与意愿中约45%的变异。当前研究表明，母亲和父亲在决定参与育儿项目时可能受到不同因素的激励。这一发现可为未来旨在提高母亲和父亲参与育儿项目比例的父母参与策略提供参考。
