Current state of knowledge of hepatic encephalopathy (part III): non-absorbable disaccharides.

Nonabsorbable disaccharides have been the mainstay of treatment for hepatic encephalopathy since introduced into clinical practice in 1966. Their beneficial effects reflect their ability to reduce the intestinal production/absorption of ammonia. A recent Cochrane review confirmed the efficacy and safety of nonabsorbable disaccharides for the treatment and prevention of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. The findings were robust and support the use of nonabsorbable disaccharides as a first line treatment for hepatic encephalopathy, in this patient population, and for its prevention.