Li Danni, Cheong Audrey, Reece Gregory P, Crosby Melissa A, Fingeret Michelle C, Merchant Fatima A
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Comput Biol Med. 2016 Nov 1;78:18-28. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.09.002. Epub 2016 Sep 9.
Stereophotography is now finding a niche in clinical breast surgery, and several methods for quantitatively measuring breast morphology from 3D surface images have been developed. Breast ptosis (sagging of the breast), which refers to the extent by which the nipple is lower than the inframammary fold (the contour along which the inferior part of the breast attaches to the chest wall), is an important morphological parameter that is frequently used for assessing the outcome of breast surgery. This study presents a novel algorithm that utilizes three-dimensional (3D) features such as surface curvature and orientation for the assessment of breast ptosis from 3D scans of the female torso. The performance of the computational approach proposed was compared against the consensus of manual ptosis ratings by nine plastic surgeons, and that of current 2D photogrammetric methods. Compared to the 2D methods, the average accuracy for 3D features was ~13% higher, with an increase in precision, recall, and F-score of 37%, 29%, and 33%, respectively. The computational approach proposed provides an improved and unbiased objective method for rating ptosis when compared to qualitative visualization by observers, and distance based 2D photogrammetry approaches.
立体摄影目前在临床乳腺手术中找到了一席之地,并且已经开发出了几种从三维表面图像定量测量乳房形态的方法。乳房下垂(乳房松弛)是指乳头低于乳房下皱襞(乳房下部附着于胸壁的轮廓)的程度,它是一个重要的形态学参数,常用于评估乳腺手术的效果。本研究提出了一种新颖的算法,该算法利用诸如表面曲率和方向等三维(3D)特征,从女性躯干的三维扫描中评估乳房下垂情况。将所提出的计算方法的性能与九位整形外科医生的手动下垂评级共识以及当前的二维摄影测量方法进行了比较。与二维方法相比,三维特征的平均准确率高出约13%,精确率、召回率和F值分别提高了37%、29%和33%。与观察者的定性可视化以及基于距离的二维摄影测量方法相比,所提出的计算方法为评估下垂提供了一种改进的、无偏差的客观方法。
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