Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Lancet Neurol. 2016 Oct;15(11):1170-81. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30204-6.
Sleep problems are frequently encountered as presenting complaints in child neurology clinical practice. They can affect the functioning and quality of life of children, particularly those with primary neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders, since coexisting sleep problems can add substantially to neurocognitive and behavioural comorbidities. Additionally, symptoms of some sleep disorders such as parasomnias and narcolepsy can be confused with those of other neurological disorders (eg, epilepsy), posing diagnostic challenges for paediatric neurologists. The understanding of the neurophysiology of sleep disorders such as insomnia, parasomnias, and narcolepsy is still evolving. There is a complex relation between the sleeping brain and its waking function. The interplay among genetic factors, alterations in neurotransmitters, electrophysiological changes, and environmental factors potentially contribute to the genesis of these sleep disorders.
睡眠问题在儿童神经病学临床实践中经常作为主要症状出现。它们会影响儿童的功能和生活质量，尤其是那些患有原发性神经和神经发育障碍的儿童，因为共存的睡眠问题会大大增加神经认知和行为共病的风险。此外，一些睡眠障碍的症状，如睡眠障碍和发作性睡病，可能与其他神经障碍（如癫痫）的症状相混淆，这给儿科神经科医生的诊断带来了挑战。对于失眠、睡眠障碍和发作性睡病等睡眠障碍的神经生理学的理解仍在不断发展。睡眠中的大脑及其清醒功能之间存在着复杂的关系。遗传因素、神经递质改变、电生理变化和环境因素之间的相互作用可能导致这些睡眠障碍的发生。
