Omid Narges, Maguire Anne, O'Hare William T, Zohoori Fatemeh V
Health and Social Care Institute, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.
Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2017 Feb;45(1):12-19. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12254. Epub 2016 Sep 21.
Risk of development of dental fluorosis may increase with even a short-term increase in fluoride (F) intake during tooth formation. Considering the wide variations in F concentrations of different food and drinks, it is important to assess short-term differences in F intake and consequently fractional urinary F excretion (FUFE) in children, which provide an indication of F body burden. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate weekly variation in total daily F intake (TDFI) and its sources and fractional urinary F excretion (FUFE) in 4- to 6-year-olds living in a fluoridated area in the UK.
Sixty-one children were surveyed twice with a 1-week gap between surveys. Dietary F intake was assessed by 'food-diary' and 'duplicate-plate collection'. Toothbrushing expectorate (saliva/toothpaste) was collected to estimate F intake from toothpaste ingestion. TDFI was calculated from dietary F intake and toothpaste ingestion. Daily urinary F excretion (DUFE) was estimated by collecting 24-h urine samples and FUFE was calculated from DUFE and TDFI [FUFE = (DUFE/TDFI) × 100].
The overall mean TDFI, DUFE and FUFE for all children were 0.056 (SD 0.036) mg/kgbw/day, 0.018 (SD 0.007) mg/kgbw/day and 39 (SD 20)%, respectively. The mean (95% CI) difference between the 2 weeks studied was 0.004 (-0.004, 0.011) mg/kgbw/day for TDFI, 0.002 (-0.001, 0.004) mg/kgbw/day for DUFE and 1 (-6, 8)% for FUFE.
Mean TDFI and FUFE did not vary statistically significantly with week and therefore one set of data collection from a group of children living in a temperate climate could be sufficient to monitor F exposure and F body burden in community prevention programmes for oral health.
在牙齿形成过程中，即使氟摄入量短期增加，患氟斑牙的风险也可能升高。鉴于不同食物和饮料中氟浓度差异很大，评估儿童氟摄入量的短期差异以及相应的尿氟排泄分数（FUFE）非常重要，尿氟排泄分数可反映体内氟负荷情况。因此，本研究旨在调查英国氟化物防治地区4至6岁儿童每日总氟摄入量（TDFI）及其来源的每周变化情况以及尿氟排泄分数（FUFE）。
对61名儿童进行了两次调查，两次调查间隔1周。通过“食物日记”和“双份餐盘收集”评估膳食氟摄入量。收集刷牙咳出物（唾液/牙膏）以估计牙膏摄入的氟量。TDFI由膳食氟摄入量和牙膏摄入量计算得出。通过收集24小时尿液样本估计每日尿氟排泄量（DUFE），并根据DUFE和TDFI计算FUFE [FUFE = (DUFE/TDFI) × 100]。
所有儿童的总体平均TDFI、DUFE和FUFE分别为0.056（标准差0.036）mg/kg体重/天、0.018（标准差0.007）mg/kg体重/天和39（标准差20）%。所研究的两周之间，TDFI的平均（95%置信区间）差异为0.004（-0.004，0.011）mg/kg体重/天，DUFE为0.002（-0.001，0.004）mg/kg体重/天，FUFE为1（-6，8）%。
平均TDFI和FUFE在不同周之间无统计学显著差异，因此对于生活在温带气候地区的一组儿童，收集一组数据可能足以在社区口腔健康预防项目中监测氟暴露和体内氟负荷情况。
