Gridelli Cesare, Ascierto Paolo A, Barberis Massimo C P, Felip Enriqueta, Garon Edward B, O'brien Mary, Senan Suresh, Casaluce Francesca, Sgambato Assunta, Papadimitrakopoulou Vali, De Marinis Filippo
a Division of Medical Oncology , 'S. G. Moscati' Hospital , Avellino , Italy.
b Melanoma Unit, Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy , Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione 'G. Pascale' , Napoli , Italy.
Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2016 Dec;16(12):1479-1489. doi: 10.1080/14712598.2016.1234602. Epub 2016 Sep 21.
The potential long term survival gain, related to immune adaptability and memory, the potential activity across multiple tumour types through targeting the immune system, and the opportunity for combinations offered by the unique mechanism of actions and safety profile of these new agents, all support the role of immunotherapy in the cancer treatment pathway or paradigm. Areas covered: The authors discuss the recent advances in the understanding of immunology and antitumor immune responses that have led to the development of new immunotherapies, including monoclonal antibodies that inhibit immune checkpoint pathways, such as Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen 4 (CTLA-4). Currently, two PD-1 inhibitors are available in clinical practice for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): nivolumab and pembrolizumab. Expert opinion: Ongoing research will dictate future strategies, including the potential incorporation of immunotherapy in stage dependent treatment settings (early stage locally advanced disease and first line therapy for metastatic disease). Immunotherapy combinations are promising avenues, and careful selection of patients, doses of each agent and information supporting strategies (i.e. concomitant or sequential) is still needed.
与免疫适应性和记忆相关的潜在长期生存获益、通过靶向免疫系统在多种肿瘤类型中发挥的潜在活性，以及这些新型药物独特的作用机制和安全性特征所提供的联合治疗机会，均支持免疫疗法在癌症治疗路径或模式中的作用。涵盖领域：作者讨论了免疫学和抗肿瘤免疫反应理解方面的最新进展，这些进展促成了新型免疫疗法的开发，包括抑制免疫检查点途径的单克隆抗体，如程序性死亡受体1（PD-1）和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4（CTLA-4）。目前，临床实践中有两种PD-1抑制剂可用于治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）：纳武单抗和派姆单抗。专家观点：正在进行的研究将决定未来的策略，包括免疫疗法在分期依赖性治疗环境（早期局部晚期疾病和转移性疾病的一线治疗）中的潜在应用。免疫疗法联合治疗是有前景的途径，仍需要仔细选择患者、每种药物的剂量以及支持联合策略的信息（即同时或序贯使用）。
