Nova Delgado Mónica, Galbany Jordi, Pérez-Pérez Alejandro
Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, 800 22nd Street NW, Ste 6000, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA.
J Hum Evol. 2016 Oct;99:79-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.07.006. Epub 2016 Aug 25.
Recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that platyrrhines constitute a monophyletic group represented by three families: Cebidae, Atelidae, and Pitheciidae. Morphological variability between and within these three families, however, is widely discussed and debated. The aim of this study was to assess molar shape variability in platyrrhines, to explore patterns of interspecific variation among extant species, and to evaluate how molar shape can be used as a taxonomic indicator. The analyses were conducted using standard multivariate analyses of geometric morphometric data from 802 platyrrhine lower molars. The results indicated that the interspecific variation exhibited a highly homoplastic pattern related to functional adaptation of some taxa. However, phylogeny was also an important factor in shaping molar morphological traits, given that some phenotypic similarities were consistent with current phylogenetic positions. Our results show that the phylogenetic and functional signals of lower molar shape vary depending on the taxa and the tooth considered. Based on molar shape, Aotus showed closer similarities to Callicebus, as well as to some Cebidae and Ateles-Lagothrix, due to convergent evolutionary trends caused by similar dietary habits, or due to fast-evolving branches in the Aotus lineage, somewhat similar to the shape of Callicebus and Cebidae.
最近的系统发育分析表明，阔鼻猴类构成一个单系群，由三个科代表：卷尾猴科、蛛猴科和僧面猴科。然而，这三个科之间以及科内的形态变异性受到广泛讨论和争议。本研究的目的是评估阔鼻猴类的臼齿形状变异性，探索现存物种间的种间变异模式，并评估臼齿形状如何用作分类指标。分析使用了来自802颗阔鼻猴类下臼齿的几何形态测量数据的标准多变量分析。结果表明，种间变异呈现出与某些类群功能适应相关的高度同塑性模式。然而，系统发育也是塑造臼齿形态特征的一个重要因素，因为一些表型相似性与当前的系统发育位置一致。我们的结果表明，下臼齿形状的系统发育和功能信号因类群和所考虑的牙齿而异。基于臼齿形状，夜猴与伶猴、以及一些卷尾猴科和蛛猴 - 绒毛猴表现出更密切的相似性，这是由于相似饮食习惯导致的趋同进化趋势，或者是由于夜猴谱系中快速进化的分支，有点类似于伶猴和卷尾猴科的形状。
