Haladjian Harry Haroutioun, Montemayor Carlos
Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, CNRS (UMR 8242), Université Paris Descartes, Centre Biomédical des Saints-Pères, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
San Francisco State University, Philosophy Department, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA.
Conscious Cogn. 2016 Oct;45:210-225. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2016.08.011. Epub 2016 Sep 19.
Artificial Intelligence is at a turning point, with a substantial increase in projects aiming to implement sophisticated forms of human intelligence in machines. This research attempts to model specific forms of intelligence through brute-force search heuristics and also reproduce features of human perception and cognition, including emotions. Such goals have implications for artificial consciousness, with some arguing that it will be achievable once we overcome short-term engineering challenges. We believe, however, that phenomenal consciousness cannot be implemented in machines. This becomes clear when considering emotions and examining the dissociation between consciousness and attention in humans. While we may be able to program ethical behavior based on rules and machine learning, we will never be able to reproduce emotions or empathy by programming such control systems-these will be merely simulations. Arguments in favor of this claim include considerations about evolution, the neuropsychological aspects of emotions, and the dissociation between attention and consciousness found in humans. Ultimately, we are far from achieving artificial consciousness.
人工智能正处于一个转折点，旨在在机器中实现复杂形式人类智能的项目大幅增加。这项研究试图通过强力搜索启发法对特定形式的智能进行建模，并重现人类感知和认知的特征，包括情感。这样的目标对人工意识有影响，一些人认为一旦我们克服短期工程挑战，它将是可以实现的。然而，我们认为现象意识无法在机器中实现。当考虑情感并审视人类意识与注意力之间的分离时，这一点就变得很明显。虽然我们也许能够基于规则和机器学习来编程道德行为，但我们永远无法通过对这样的控制系统进行编程来重现情感或同理心——这些仅仅是模拟。支持这一观点的论据包括对进化、情感的神经心理学方面以及人类中发现的注意力与意识之间的分离的考量。最终，我们离实现人工意识还相差甚远。
